A Specifier

1
A Specifiers View of DALI

• June 4, 2002 400 PM

• Seminar 18
• Richard Miller, PE, LC
• Hellmuth, Obata Kassabaum, Inc.

Sponsored by The International Association of
Lighting Designers
Sponsored by The Illuminating Engineering Society
of North America
Official On-Site Event Directory
Produced and Managed by AMC, Inc.
2
DALIDigital Addressable Lighting Interface

• DALI is a protocol dedicated purely for lighting
  control
• DALI allows individual control and monitoring of
  lighting systems
• DALI provides precise dimming
• DALI promises flexibility in design, and ease of
  installation

3
Learn How To

• Leverage the benefits of the DALI technology
• Specify DALI lighting controls
• Design DALI controls for single rooms, open
  offices and whole buildings
• Solve DALI installation and commissioning issues

4
Current Lighting Control Systems

• Agili-T by Lightolier
• Centura by Leviton
• Digital-MicroWatt by Lutron
• DMX512 by USITT
• Easylite by Easylite Ballasts and Lighting
  Systems
• Ergolight by Ledalite
• GR2400 by Lighting Control and Design
• IBECS by Lawrence Berkeley National Lab
• NexLight by Northpoint Engineering Co.
• PowerLink by Square D Company
• SuperDim by Energy Savings Inc
• Synergy by Lithonia

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Current Wiring for Conference Room
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History From Europe

• Tridonic and others
• Digital Serial Interface (DSI) ballasts in 1991
• Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI)
  ballast in 1998
• Dropped royalties to gain wide spread acceptance
  of DALI
• IEC
• DALI protocol (IEC Standard 60929, Annex E G)
  advanced to voting process in year 2000.
• Adopted by other leading ballast and control
  manufactures
• Formally adopted summer of 2002

7
History In USA

• NEMA Controls Council
• Wiring Devices, Controls, and Ballasts
• Liaison with International Electrotechnical
  Commission (IEC)
• DALI subcommittee
• IESNA Controls Subcommittee
• Established to develop a control protocol
• Reviewed several existing systems
• Asked by NEMA to comment on DALI proposal

8
DALI AG

• Promote the DALI protocol
• Review protocol compliance by manufactures
• 24 members as of September 2001
• International Rectifier, CA
• Lightolier, Canada
• Lutron, PA
• Osram, Germany
• Philips, Netherlands
• Tridonic, Austria
• (www.DALI-AG.org)

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Benefits

• Lower initial cost to the Owner
• Simple wiring
• Higher level of maintenance to the Facility
  Manager
• Status of lamp and ballast
• Greater flexibility to the Lighting Designer
• Change grouping via software
• Lower energy costs to the User
• Reduced power consumption
• Greater sense of control to the Occupant
• Individual control

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DALI

• DALI is not a product
• DALI is a protocol (a set of rules) (from
  ballast perspective)
• Power connection
• Lamp response
• Control interface
• Command set

11
Protocol Power Connection

• Initial application of voltage lamps go to full
  output or other preset level

• Universal voltage input 115V to 300V, 50Hz to
  60Hz
• High power factor
• Low harmonics
• Transient protection

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Protocol Lamp Response

• Precise dimming curve
• Logarithmic curve
• Range 0.1 to 100 for incandescent, 1 to
  100 for linear fluorescent, 3 to 100 for CF
• 254 steps (2.8 increase per step)
• Based on lamp arc power
• (This is not lamp lumen output)

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Protocol Control Interface

• Intent
• Electrical
• Media
• Wiring
• Bits and Bytes
• No Collision Detection

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Control Interface Intent

• Low cost
• Simple
• Low interference
• Interchangeable

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Control Interface Electrical

• Voltage 0 VDC (/- 4.5V) to 16VDC (9.5V to
  22.5V)
• Voltage drop must not exceed 2 volts
• Loss of control voltage lamps go to preset
  level
• Current 2 ma consumption, able to sink 250 ma
• Power Remote power supply of lt250 ma
• Speed 1,200 bits/sec (compare to Ethernet at
  100Mb/s)
• Must be able to withstand live voltage

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DALI Ballast Block Diagram
17
Control Interface Media

• Two wire
• Twisted pair not required
• Shielded pair not required
• Non-polarized
• No End-of-Line resistor
• Standard building wire

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Single DALI Loop Diagram
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Control Interface Wiring

• Maximum length of 300 meters
• Open topology chain, star, tree
• Class 2 (may be wired as Class 1) (for ballasts,
  controls?)
• May be installed with line voltage

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DALI Wiring Topology Diagram
Serial Connection
Star Connection
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Control Interface Bits and Bytes

• Address (one specific ballast)
• 0AAAAAA1 CCCCCCCC , 0AAAAAA0 arc power
• Broadcast (all ballasts)
• 11111111 CCCCCCCC , 11111110 arc power
• Group
• 100GGGG1 CCCCCCCC , 100GGGG0 arc power
• Go To Scene
• 0AAAAAA1 0001SSSS
• 11111111 0001SSSS
• 100GGGG1 0001SSSS

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Control Interface No Collision Detection

• Assumes only one sending device
• Ballasts talk only when queried
• No checking for simultaneous commands
• Control manufacturers must provide collision
  detection

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Protocol Command Set

• Current command set is for ballasts only.
• gt100 commands defined (with space for future
  commands)
• Ability to program, control and monitor status
  information

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Ballast Commands To Ballast

• Off
• Step Up
• Step Down,
• On and Step Up
• Set Max
• Step Down and Off
• Set Min
• Go to Max
• Go to Min
• Up to Max
• Down to Min

• Fade to Level
• Set Actual Level
• Set Power On Level
• Set System Failure Level
• Set Fade Time
• Set Fade Rate
• Set Scene
• Go to Scene
• Remove from Scene
• Set Group
• Remove from Group

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Ballast Commands Information from Ballast
(Query)

• Actual Level,
• Power ON Level
• System Failure Level
• Max
• Min
• Group Assignment

• Scene Level
• Fade Time
• Random Address
• Version Number
• Device Type

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Device Types

• Type 0 Standard (fluorescent)
• Type 1 Emergency lighting
• Type 2 HID lamps
• Type 3 Low voltage halogen lamps
• Type 4 Line voltage incandescent lamps
• Type 5255 Future device types

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DALI Programming

• Each DALI loop can support up to 64 individual
  addresses
• When in initial programming mode
• Each ballast generates a 24 bit random address
• Control unit then assigns a 6 bit short address
  (0 to 63) to each ballast
• May reassign a 6 bit address to each ballast
• May assign a 6 bit address by disconnecting a
  lamp from the ballast

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DALI Programming (Contd)

• Group Addressing
• Each DALI loop can support up to 16 individual
  groups
• Each ballast may belong to any or all of the 16
  available groups
• Scene Setting
• Each ballast may have as many as 16 preset levels
  (scenes)
• Scenes may be applied to ballasts
• Scenes may be applied to groups

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Wiring per NEC

• Approved for use in Class 1 and Class 2
  installations
• DALI wiring may be with line-voltage wiring
• Could use a 5-wire prefabricated wiring assemble
• Installation must comply with Code
• Verify rating of control units

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Electricians Wiring Diagram
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Auxiliary Components

• Power Supply
• Voltage 16VDC (9.5V to 22.5V)
• Power lt250 ma
• Controller Units
• Scene Controller
• Daylight Harvesting Controller
• Occupancy Controller
• Computer Interface (optional)

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Sensor Connection Diagrams
To Control Unit
To DALI Loop
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Auxiliary Components (Contd)

• Gateways
• DALI RS232
• DALI - Ethernet
• RS232 Ethernet hub
• In separate cabinet from the branch circuit
  panelboard

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Busmaster Enclosure Installation
RS232 Connection
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Panelboard and Busmaster Cabinet
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Complete Building Control
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Next Generation Technology
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Palm Pilot Interface
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User Interface
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Protocol Intent Interchangeability

• Manufactures web site (DALI-AG.org)
• DALI protocol is the minimum requirement
• Provides compatibility among manufacturers
• Proprietary features are not prohibited
• DSI
• Line-voltage control

41
Designing Control Systems

• Lighting Plan for Typical Office
• Lighting Plan for Conference Room

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Lighting Plan for Open Office

• CEC Title 24 mandatory
• Two level or dimming
• Occupancy / Auto Off
• Daylight Harvest
• Time-of-Day off with timed manual override
• Adjust for individual comfort
• Weekend function
• Security function
• Power reduction

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STEP 1 Design fixture layout or retrofit
existing fixtures with DALI compatible ballast.
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STEP 2 Layout DALI network (2 wires) to each
fixture independent of circuit wiring. Each DALI
loop can support up to 64 ballast. Loop wires can
be located in same conduit with power wiring
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STEP 3Design controls into space and determine
easiest connection to DALI bus. Identify
placement of bus power supply and optional
network interface.
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STEP 4 Address DALI ballasts. Determine fixture
groupings and map control devices to fixtures.
Each ballast can be assigned to multiple groups
(16 max).
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Network System Configuration
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Lighting Plan for Conference Room

• Multiple luminaries for multiple functions
• Multiple preset scenes
• Manual controls

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Conference Room Lighting Plan
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Commissioning

• DALI Ballast Manufacturer
• DALI Controller Manufacturer
• Luminaire Manufacturer
• Architect
• Lighting Designer
• Electrical Engineer
• Electrician
• Manufacturers Representative
• Programmer
• Systems Integrator
• Commissioner

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Commissioning

• DALI Product Manufacturer
• Test product prior to shipment
• Luminaire Manufacturer
• Test assembly prior to shipment
• Could preprogram addresses, groups, scenes
• Electrician
• Require high quality splices and terminations
• Document power wiring and control wiring
• Verify power wiring and lamping
• Verify DALI loop broadcast raise/lower, count
  ballast quantity

52
Commissioning (Contd)

• Lighting Designer / Electrical Engineer
• Determine preset levels for scenes
• Programmer
• Assign and document groups
• Assign and document scenes
• Systems Integrator
• Combine with IT or AV?

53
Commissioning (Contd)

• Manufacturers Representative
• May be the Commissioner
• Commissioner
• Two people with walkie-talkies
• Document groupings
• Flash addressed ballast until that ballast is
  found
• Cycle through addresses to find ballast address
• Document ballast addresses on lighting plans

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Benefits of DALI

• Simplify wiring installation
• Decrease energy usage
• Lower maintenance cost
• Increase space flexibility
• Improve occupant comfort

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Limitations of DALI

• Command Set
• Fade Time lt0.7 sec to 90 sec
• Requires computer to initialize and program
• Intended only for lighting
• Not enough products

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Wish List

• Compact Fluorescent Ballast
• Incandescent Dimmer 120 Volts
• Incandescent Dimmer 12 Volts
• Metal Halide Ballast
• LED Driver
• Occupancy Sensor
• Photo Sensor
• Daylight Harvesting

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Wish List (Contd)

• Schedulers
• Peak Load Shaving
• Audio/Visual Interface
• Motor Control for Blinds, Curtains, Projection
  Screens
• Gateways for BACnet, DMX512, LONWORKS, and
  TCP/IP
• Interface to 0-10V dimming system

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Credits

• Dalai Lama
• Ian Ashdown
• Bob Beatty
• Brian Beck
• Dick Brecher
• Pekka Hakkarainen
• Gregg Hauser
• Wayne Morrow
• Dave Peterson
• Steve Purdy
• Nehal Shah
• Howard Yaphe
• Kayo Shibano

• Advance / Philips
• DALI-AG
• Leviton
• Lightolier
• Osram Sylvania
• StarField Controls
• Tridonic
• The Watt Stopper

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Conclusion

• My original premise
• Discoveries
• Not enough products
• Sustainable Competitive Advantage

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• HELLO DALI