Rockwood reading

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Rockwood reading

• Chapter 2
• Classification of Fractures

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Examples of Fracture-Specific Classification
Systems

• Garden classification femoral neck fractures
• Types 1 and 2 fractures
• 1. stable injuries
• 2. percutaneous internal fixation
• Types 3 and 4 fractures
• 1. Unstable fracture
• 2. Closed reduction and internal
  fixation
• 3. Arthroplasty in elderly patients

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• Schatzker classification proximal tibia
  fractures
• Not depend on the amount of displacement or
  depression of the articular fractures, but only
  on the location of the fracture lines
• Easily confused Schatzker type V and VI
  fractures

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• 3. Neer classification proximal humeral
  fractures
• based on the number of fracture parts
• a fracture fragment displaced more than 1 cm or
  angulated more than 45 degrees

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• 4. Lauge-Hansen classification
• malleolar ankle fractures
• based primarily on the mechanism of injury
• 1. position of the foot at the time of injury
• 2. direction of the deforming force at the time
  of fracture

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Generic or Universal Classification Systems

• AO/OTA (Orthopaedic Trauma Association) fracture
  classification
• Which bone?
• humerus is No. 1
• forearm is No. 2
• femur is No. 3
• tibia is No. 4

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• 2. Where in the bone is the fracture?
• The second number of the coding system is
  applied to the location in the bone
• No.1 gt proximal part
• No.2 gt diaphyseal segmen
• No.3 gt Distal part
• No.4 gt malleolar segment of tibia

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• 3. Which fracture type?
• Defined differently in diaphyseal fractures and
  fractures at either end of the bone
• Diaphyseal fractures
• Type A fracture simple fracture with two
  fragments.
• Type B fracture some comminution, still be
  contact between the proximal and distal
  fragments.
• Type C fracture highly comminuted or segmental
  fracture with no contact possible between
  proximal and distal fragments.

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• End of the bone
• Type A fractures extra-articular
• Type B fractures partial articular (there is
  some continuity between the shaft and some
  portion of the articular surface
• Type C fractures involve complete disruption of
  the articular surface from the diaphysis.

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• 4. Which group does the fracture belong to?
• 5. Which subgroup?
• the most detailed determination in the AO/OTA
  classification system
• subgroups differ from bone to bone

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Classifications of Soft Tissue Injury Associated
with Fractures