Commercial Shipping M09

1
Commercial Shipping (M09)

• Learning objectives
• Explain what is meant by safety and quality
• Understand the concept of a safety management
  system
• Define the applicability and influence of the ISM
  code on the shipping industry
• Understand the concept of a quality management
  system
• Explain the various quality standards currently
  in use
• Explain the need for a quality and safety
  management system in shipping.

2
Commercial Shipping (M09)

• Safety
• The concept of ISM Code
• The components of ISM Code
• management
• people
• ship and equipment
• procedures
• Quality
• Standard-driven initiatives
• Non standard-driven initiative
• Comparison between ISM, STCW and ISO9002
• Commonalities of safety and quality management
  systems

3
Commercial Shipping (M09)

• The concept of ISM Code
• The fundamental principle
• of the ISM Code is that
• improvement in safety at sea
• depends on changes in
• behaviour and that human
• effort is the key to success.
• http//www.imo.org/HumanElement/mainframe.asp?topi
  c_id287
• http//www.ismcode.net/

4
Commercial Shipping (M09)

• The components of the ISM Code
• A group of four components
• management
• people
• ship and equipment
• procedures
• These four aspects are subject to an
  assessment which leads to a document of
  compliance (DOC) for the company and for each
  ship a safety management ship certificate (SMC)
  that is renewable every five years subject to
  periodical assessment.

5
Commercial Shipping (M09)

• Management
• The company management is responsible for
  developing, implementing and maintaining an
  effective safety management system both onshore
  and onboard its ships. The aspects of the ISM
  Code that relate to management are
• the development of company policy in relation to
  safety and the protection of the environment
• written definition of the responsibilities and
  authority with regard to safety and environmental
  policy of each person onshore and on board ship.
  A designated person, acting directly for the
  general management of the company, must supervise
  implementation and maintenance of this policy.

6
Commercial Shipping (M09)

• Management
• preparation, distribution and periodic updating
  of a documentary system in the form of
  procedures, plans and instructions.This is
  accessible to all company personnel.
• periodic review of the effective operation of the
  implemented system. This enables the
  identification of non-conformities followed by
  necessary corrective action to maintain a
  desirable level of safety on-shore and on the
  ship.
• monitoring of the actions implemented in order to
  improve safety in the company, on the basis of
  actual experiences

7
Commercial Shipping (M09)

• People
• Qualifications with a reduced crew and
  increasingly sophisticated equipment, each action
  is important. Greater and recognised autonomy may
  be a question of survival for other members of
  the crew.
• communication between crew members to ensure the
  continuity of safety and to avoid any fatal
  breakdown it is necessary to issue work orders
  without omissions
• provision of information to seafarers on their
  work and their responsibility to carry out the
  masters wishes and crew tasks in a safe
  environment
• training of crew and on-shore personnel to
  prevent errors and non-conformities which may be
  fatal at sea. This training also includes drills
  and exercises to simulate emergencies
• motivation of all personnel

8
Commercial Shipping (M09)

• Ship and equipment
• the development of a preventative maintenance
  program to minimise risks of breakdowns and
  accidents, but also to give the seafarer the
  possibility of controlling their work environment
• the identification and periodical inspection of
  all the equipment and systems considered as
  critical for the safe and effective operations of
  the ship
• the necessary inspection and control of
  instruments and materials which provide
  information on the operational condition of the
  ship. If operational procedures are drafted in
  the form of a programme, this will prevent
  omissions and will contribute to the creation of
  a safety-conscious environment for the whole
  crew.

9
Commercial Shipping (M09)

• Procedures
• drafting all the operational procedures for the
  ship to perform its mission within the context of
  the companys policy for safety and environmental
  protection.
• preparation and maintenance of operational action
  plans which enable personnel to face and manage
  all foreseeable situations that may affect the
  safety of personnel or result in a pollution
  risk.
• regular training of crews in emergency exercises
  and practices in order to prepare them for all
  eventualities.
• systematic organisation of documented internal
  audits on the application of procedures
  recommended by the company and the follow up of
  any corrective measures in line with the ISM
  Code.
• analysis and handling of non-conformities
  observed during audits and controls.

10
Commercial Shipping (M09)

• Quality
• Standard-driven initiatives
• ISO 9001 quality assurance in design/development,
  production, installation and servicing.
• ISO 9002 quality assurance in production and
  installation and servicing.
• ISO 9003 quality assurance in final inspection
  and test.
• ISO 90012000, which replaces the 1994 versions
  of ISO 9001, ISO 9002 and ISO 9003 as the only
  certification standard in the family.

11
Commercial Shipping (M09)

• Quality
• Non standard-driven initiative
• Total quality management (TQM) is based on the
  principles of continuous improvement and the
  empowerment of all company employees so that they
  can contribute to improving the product or
  service provided to a client. TQM does not follow
  any set rules imposed by an external party it is
  up to the individual company to decide on the
  policies and objectives to be adhered to by
  management to provide feedback on what is and is
  not working, together with recommendations for
  improvement.

12
Commercial Shipping (M09)
13
Commercial Shipping (M09)

• Commonalities of safety and quality management
  systems
• Management responsibility and authority involves
  the definition of clear levels of authority and
  reporting lines within an organisation and the
  designation of suitably qualified and experienced
  staff to take responsibility and hold authority
  for key tasks and decision making.
• Management review entails a systematic review of
  the safety and quality system by senior
  management
• Internal auditing involves systematic and
  independent checks that a companys safety and
  quality procedures are being followed by office
  and shipboard staff and that safety and quality
  objectives are being met.

14
Commercial Shipping (M09)

• Commonalities of safety and quality management
  systems
• Non-conformities the identification of problems
  or potential problems through a safety and
  quality system, either during an internal audit
  or by way of day-to-day reporting by staff.
• Planning the allocation of resources to ensure
  that problems are prevented in order to exert
  greater control over critical tasks that affect
  safety and quality.
• Records disciplined record keeping to
  demonstrate that key tasks are being performed
  according to the policies and procedures set out
  in the system.
• Emergency response. A contingency plan must be
  prepared and deployed as and when circumstances
  dictate. The plan must define key
  responsibilities, ensure that office, ship and
  external staff work in unison and provide for
  sufficient resources to be made available.