TAKS Objective 4

1
TAKS Objective 4

• The student will demonstrate an understanding of
  motion, forces, and energy.

2
TEKS 7.8 Science concepts

• The student knows that complex interactions occur
  between matter and energy. The student is
  expected to
• Illustrate examples of potential and kinetic
  energy in everyday life such as objects at rest,
  movement of geologic faults, and falling water.

3
?For Teachers Eyes Only

• What is energy?
• The ability to do work.
• The ability to cause change.

4
Forms of Energy

• Heat
• Light
• Sound
• Chemical
• Atomic (Nuclear)
• Electrical
• Mechanical

5
Categories of Energy

• Kinetic (derived from the Greek root word
  kinein which means to move)
• Potential (derived from the Latin word potere
  which translates as to be powerful)

6
Potential Energy

• All energy starts out as potential energy.
• Exists due to an objects condition or position.

7
Examples of Potential Energy

• Food
• Wood
• Wind-up toy
• Light bulb
• Electric pencil sharpener

8
Depends on

• Height above the earth
• The higher it is, the more potential energy it
  has.
• Weight
• The heavier it is, the more potential energy
  it has.

9
Kinetic Energy

• Occurs when potential energy is used or
  transformed into kinetic energy.
• Kinetic energy can also be transferred from one
  object to another.

10
Kinetic Energy

• Determined by the mass of the object and the
  velocity at which the object is moving.

11
?Engage

• Demonstration Come back can

12
?Exploration 1

• Activity Illustrate the Moment
• Class Time 20 minutes
• Objective The learner will illustrate real-world
  examples of potential and kinetic energy.

13
?Explain

• All matter possesses potential energy
• Potential energy becomes kinetic energy and
  produces motion.
• Any matter would represent potential energy as
  long as it is not moving.
• If matter is moving, kinetic energy is being used.

14
Exploration 2

• Activity Break It Up!
• Class Time 15 minutes
• Objective The learner will simulate how pressure
  affects layers of rock in an earthquake by
  applying pressure horizontally to layers of clay
  increasing potential energy.

15
?Explain

• Potential energy exists in all matter and all
  energy begins as potential energy, which may
  become kinetic energy.

16
?Explain

• Potential energy exists due to an objects
  position or condition.
• The condition of lateral pressure creates
  potential energy.

17
?Explain

• Kinetic energy occurs when potential energy is
  used or transformed into kinetic energy.
• In this case, the potential energy created by
  pressure, changed to kinetic energy of upward
  motion.

18
?Elaboration 1

• Experiment High Roller
• Class Time 15 minutes
• Objective The learner will determine if
  potential energy due to height above the earth
  will affect kinetic energy of an object.

19
?Explain

• Potential energy due to height above the earth is
  called gravitational potential energy.
• The higher the marble, the greater the potential
  energy and therefore the greater the kinetic
  energy.

20
?Elaboration 2

• Experiment Kinetic Mouse
• Class Time 45 minutes
• Objective Create a mouse that moves based on
  potential energy.

21
?Explain

• Potential energy is created by the twisted rubber
  band.
• When released, potential energy is changed into
  kinetic energy.

22
?Explain

• Limitations to amount of
• potential energy are
• Number of twists
• Elastic strength of rubber
• band.

23
?Evaluate

• Students will answer a written examination
  identifying objects as exhibiting either kinetic
  or potential energy.