Chapter Six

1
Chapter Six

• Diversity and Equity Schooling and African
  Americans

2
Reconstruction 1865-1877

• Thirteenth Amendment
• Freedmen's Bureau
• Rebuilding the South without slavery at its
  center
• Higher education and political power for African
  Americans

3
Redemption 1877

• White southerners regain control
• White supremacy laws and voting requirements for
  blacks established
• Destroyed African American gains of Reconstruction

4
African American Schooling

• Vague references to education in state
  constitutions give way to frameworks for
  universal public schooling in Reconstruction
• Redemption brought renewed efforts to shift
  resources to white schools, strip blacks of
  voting rights, and reconfigure constitutions
• Black communities, churches, and private citizens
  supported schools while disparities increased,
  beginning around 1890

5
Booker T. Washingtons Career

• The Myth
• advanced public education in black communities
• lifting veil of ignorance from Negro race
• The Reality
• Washington era featured worst treatment of black
  public education since slavery
• supported state-enforced illiteracy
• took accommodationist stance

6
Washingtons Perception of African American
Inferiority and Opportunity

• Racial(Darwinian) evolution
• Blacks need to evolve should be grateful for
  advantages.
• Blacks unfit to vote
• Blacks should avoid confronting racial prejudice
• Hard labor and accumulation of property the key
  to success
• Natural laws of economics would not tolerate
  racism

7
W. E. B. Du Bois

• Opposed stifling of criticisms of Washington and
  his followers
• Spoke out against continued oppression of black
  Southerners and prejudice in the North
• Self-assertion rather than acquiescence

8
Concluding Remarks

• The struggle over African American schooling, and
  the distinctions between Washingtons and Du
  Boiss perspectives, highlight enduring concerns
• schooling for social stability or a free society?
• schooling for employment or intellectual growth?
• schooling for social reform or individual human
  development?
• schooling that emphasizes commonalities or
  differences?
• schooling in whose interests?

9
Developing your Professional Vocabulary

• black codes
• The Crisis
• W. E. B. Du Bois
• Freedmen's Bureau
• historically black colleges
• Mississippi Plan

• NAACP
• Reconstruction
• Redemption
• 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments
• Tuskegee Institution
• Booker T. Washington