Black Panther and Nation of Islam

1
Black Panther and Nation of Islam

• By John Addison, Mary Jean Corcoran, Josh
  Schadl, Ike Onyeka, and Steven Luther

2
Theory of Black Panthers

• Practices of Malcolm X were instilled in the
  foundations of the party.
• The party intended to represent a militant
  revolutionary, with dignity and standing up for
  equal rights, while being positive role models
  by bring about positive social service.
• They followed Malcolm's belief of international
  working class unity across the spectrum of color
  and gender, and thus united with various minority
  and white revolutionary groups.

3
Original Six Black Panthers
4
History of Black Panthers

• First started in 1964 by Stokely Carmichael in
  Alabama
• Originally named Lowndes County Freedom
  Organization.
• October 1966, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale
  founded the Black Panther Party for Self- Defense
  in Oakland, California.

5
History of Black Panthers

• Panthers practiced militant self-defense of
  minority communities, and fought to establish
  revolutionary socialism through mass organizing
  and community based programs
• First organization whose agenda was to establish
  real economic, social, and political equality
  across race and gender lines.
• Also, had free clinics and food shelters for the
  poor.

6
The Reasons For the Creation of the Black Panther
Party

• The Black Panther Party was created to protect
  citizens of black ghettoes from police brutality.
• The Black Panthers then turned into a
  revolutionary group demanding the that all black
  own weapons, be exempt from military drafting,
  freed from jail, and paid for centuries of abuse.

• Bobby Seale and Huey Newton

7
Black Panthers and The Police Clash

• In the late 60s and early 70s conflict rose
  between the Black Panthers and the Police.
• Those conflicts often led to violent shootouts in
  California, New York, and Chicago
• In one of those shootouts Defense Minister Huey
  Newton is arrested for gunning down a patrol
  officer

Police using force to silence a black panther
protest
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The Demise of the Black Panthers

• The Black Panthers became known as an extremely
  violent group and lost members and the support of
  many of the United States black leaders, all of
  whom objected their violent methods.
• From then on the Black Panther Party began to
  gradually lose power and was disbanded in the
  early 1980s.

9
Elijah Muhammad (1897-1975)

• Leader of the Nation of Islam who was an advocate
  of independent, black operated businesses and
  religion
• Was born in Sandersville, Georgia to ex-slave
  parents who worked as sharecroppers
• His birth name was Robert Poole
• After moving to Chicago he and his brother became
  early disciples of W.D. Fard who was the founder
  of The Nation of Islam

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Elijah Muhammad
11
E.M. Contd

• Fard believed that blacks should emulate their
  brothers and sisters in their foreign land in
  such matters as dress and diet
• Fard also stressed that Islam is the only
  religion for blacks and that they should
  denounce their former slave maters Christian
  religion
• Poole became and important advocate to the NOI
  and Fards right hand man. He was also required to
  drop his slave name, he changed it to Elijah
  Muhammad.

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Elijah Muhammad

• Being and important member of the NOI Muhammad
  revised the theology of the movement.
• Muhammad taught that blacks were the original
  human beings but a mad scientists by the name of
  Yakub created a white beast and that they had
  been given authority to govern the world.
• The period of the white domination was due to end
  soon and it was now time for the black to resume
  their domination role.

13
Elijah Muhammad

• Muhammad advocated an independent nation for
  African Americans
• In 1942 Muhammad was charged with sedition and
  conspiracy, he was also accused with sympathizing
  with the Japanese during WWII.
• For his action he was in jail for 4 years from
  1942-1946

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Elijah Muhammad

• After moving to Chicago Muhammad opened a temple
  and created a University for Islam which was a
  private elementary and high school.
• There were very strict islamic rules such as not
  eating pork, drinking, smoking, and dancing.
• He also revised the theology of the NOI

15
Elijah Muhammad

• During the early 60s Muhammad became
  overshadowed by Malcolm X
• Muhammad didnt appreciate this and it caused a
  rift between them
• After Malcolm made a comment about the JFK
  assassination Muhammad suspended his which later
  caused X to create his own movement

16
Elijah Muhammad

• Muhammad died Feb. 25 1975
• After his death his son Warith Deen Muhammad took
  over the leadership movement
• His son relaxed many of the strict rules that his
  father made and began to strengthen the
  relationship between whites.
• What his son has done is what we see Islam as
  today

17
The Nation

• The Nation of Islam (NOI) is an Islamic religious
  sect that was founded in Detroit by Wallace Fard
  Muhammad in 1930.
• The goal the NOI was to resurrect the spiritual,
  mental, social, and economic condition of the
  black men and women of America.

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NOI Mysticism
The NOI adopted many controversial ideas over
its existence that stem from Christianity and
Islam

• Allah
• The NOI maintains that Allah came down to earth
  as Wallace Fard Muhammad
• Mother Plane/Ezekiel Wheel
• UFO or flying saucer half a mile in diameter that
  contains three bombs with the capability to form
  mountains
• W D Fard was allegedly abducted by the Mother
  Plane around the time of his disappearance

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NOI Mysticism

• Race
• The Blackman is the original man. From him came
  all brown, yellow, red, and white people. By
  using a special method of birth control law, the
  Blackman was able to produce the white race. This
  method of birth control was developed by a Black
  scientist known as Yakub, who envisioned making
  and teaching a nation of people who would be
  diametrically opposed to the Original People. A
  Race of people who would one day rule the
  original people and the earth for a period of
  6,000 years

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NOI Mysticism

• Th NOI Believes slavery was predicted in Genesis
  151314
• And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that
  thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is
  not theirs, and shall serve them and they shall
  afflict them four hundred years And also that
  nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge and
  afterward shall they come out with great
  substance.

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The Nations Leaders

• Wallace Fard Muhammad 1930-34
• Founder of the NOI
• Viewed by present day
  NOI members as Messiah
• Mysteriously disappeared
  around 1934
• Elijah Muhammad 1935-75
• One Fards original disciples
• Summarized NOI beliefs in
  Message to the Blackman
  in America and The True
  
  History of Jesus as Taught
  by the Honorable Elijah Muhammad

Fard
Elijah Muhammad
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The Nations Leaders

• Warith Deen Mohammed 1976-
• Son of Elijah Muhammad
• Excommunicated several times for denial of W. D.
  Fard as messiah
• Reformed NOI
• brought beliefs into closer
  alignment with
  Sunni Islam
• Allowed for admittance
  of
  white worshipers
• Incorporated the Five Pillars
  of Islam into the
  organizations
  theology
• Rejected black-separatist views
• Resistance to reformation caused rift to form and
  NOI split Mohammed renamed the group as result

23
The Nations Leaders

• Louis Farrakhan 1978-
• Farrakhan along with other disgruntled members
  walked away from the NOI
• Then decided to rebuild NOI under former beliefs
• Controversial leader
• Accused of being anti-Semitic
• Accused of being black separatist
• Has made many controversial remarks with regard
  to race

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Notable NOI Affiliates
Benjamin Chavis

• Malcolm X- converted to mainstream Islam
• Muhammed Ali- converted to Sunni Islam
• Ice Cube- never official member
• Snoop Dogg
• Benjamin Chavis

Muhammad Ali
Snoop Dogg
Ice Cube
Malcolm X-
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Works Cited

• "Black Panther Party." Encyclopædia Britannica.
  2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 20 Apr.
  2009 lthttp//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/68
  134/Black-Panther-Partygt.
• The Black Pathers MIA. 20 April 2009. lt
  http//www.marxists.org/history/usa/workers/black-
  panthers/ gt.
• Simkin, John. Fight Against the Pathers. 19
  April 2009. lthttp//www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/
  author.htmgt.