Group Formation

1
Group Formation
( FÅP First-year Project Course, ITU, Denmark )

• Claus Brabrand
• brabrand_at_itu.dk

2
Outline for Today

• Group Formation (0900 1200)
• MBTI Results general population vs. FAAP
• Peer Assessment
• Technology Adoption and Diffusion Theory
• Group Formation !
• Group Exercises
• White-box Testing (1300 1600)
• Lecture
• Exercises

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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

• Introversion vs. Extraversion ("attitudes")
• I internal world (concepts/ideas/reflect),
  energy from timeout, thinkact
• E external world (people/action/things), energy
  from action, actthink

• Sensing vs. iNtuition ("irrational functions",
  applied to 'data' received)
• S "concrete", trust information in present,
  details / facts, meaning data
• N "abstract", trust theories, meaning
  pattern, theory, or wider context

• Feeling vs. Thinking ("decision making
  functions", for rational choices)
• F associated decisions empathize with
  situation, inside perspective
• T dissociated decisions logical/causes/consisten
  t, outside perspective

• Judging vs. Perceiving ("lifestyle", relates to
  how to get things done)
• J come to decision, clear plan, start in good
  time, "inflexible"
• P leave matters open, await or postpone
  decisions, "too flexible"

cf. wikipedia for more info
Carl G. Jung, 1920
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Putting People into 16 Boxes
S
N
J
ISTJ ( Inspector )
ISFJ ( Protector )
INFJ ( Counselor )
INTJ ( Mastermind )
I
ISTP ( Crafter )
ISFP ( Composer )
INFP ( Healer )
INTP ( Architect )
P
ESTP ( Promoter )
ESFP ( Performer )
ENFP ( Champion )
ENTP ( Inventor )
E
ESTJ ( Supervisor )
ESFJ ( Provider )
ENFJ ( Teacher )
ENTJ ( Field Marshal )
J
T
F
T
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Introversion vs. Extroversion
Introversion
Extroversion
FÅP
POP
cf. wikipedia
6
Sensing vs. iNtuition
Sensing
iNtuition
FÅP
POP
!
cf. wikipedia
7
Feeling vs. Thinking
Feeling
Thinking
FÅP
POP
cf. wikipedia
8
Judging vs. Perceiving
Judging
Perceiving
FÅP
POP
cf. wikipedia
9
Artisans / Crafters (SP)

• Sensing Perceivers
• Fun-loving, optimistic, focused on present
• Daring, unconventional, bold, impulsive, and
  spontaneous. 
• Want recognition and seek attention
• Entertainers

!
FÅP
POP
cf. wikipedia
10
Idealists / Catalysts (NF)

• iNtuitive Feelers
• Enthusiastic, trust their intuition, seek their
  true self, prize meaningful relationships 
• Kindhearted and authentic, dislike conflict
• Giving, trusting, spiritual
• Passionately concerned with personal growth
  ethics
• Mentors and advocates

!
FÅP
POP
cf. wikipedia
11
Guardians / Stabilizers (SJ)

• Sensing Judgers
• Dependable, loyal, helpful, hard-working
• Follow rules, trust authority, and cooperate with
  others
• Prefer structure and order, and focus on
  credentials and traditions
• Stabilizing leaders
• Administrators

!
FÅP
POP
cf. wikipedia
12
Rationals / Strategists (NT)

• iNtuitive Thinkers
• Inventors, coordinators, and competent planners
• Trust logic, independent, and strong willed
• Outspoken, dont care about political correctness
• Skeptical of others, confident of themselves
• Yearn for achievement, want to understand how the
  world works
• Strategic leaders

!
FÅP
POP
cf. wikipedia
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Group Formation

• Homogenous
• 1n 1 )

• Heterogenous
• Innovation Structure
• Plan Implementation
• Action Thought
• User- Technical-focus

Diversity more inputs"
More inputs"
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Considerations (Group Formation)

• Considerations e.g.
• a) Balance Introverts and Extroverts
• Too many intros ? few discussions / limited
  exchange
• Too many extros ? Blah blah blah
• b) Avoid strategist-strategist clashes
• More likely to clash
• c) Balance heterogeneously wrt. MBTI and VARK
• Many different inputs
• d) Avoid old group mates in same group
• Learn to work with new people
• Avoid sub-groups (aka, cliques)

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Peer Assessment

• Advice for you(r group)

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Peer Assessment Questions

• Answer all eight questions for each person (going
  around the table)
• Give opportunity to air problems
• Give feedback on how others perceive you(r
  behavior)
• In meetings, have I
• 1. Dominated the meetings
• 2. Come unprepared
• 3. Not participated actively

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Peer Assessment Q. (contd)

• My workload, have I
• 4. Carried my load fairly w/ quality
• 5. Taken over other members tasks without
  being asked
• In communicating, have I
• 6. Really listened to others
• 7. Shared info needed by team
• 8. Responded to emails promptly

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Technology Adoption and Diffusion Theory

• Tech people vs. General population

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Diffusion Theory Technology Adoption

• Tech Adoption

• Diffusion Theory

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Innovators (aka. Pioneers)

• Innovators (Pioneers)
• Like adventure
• Seek the new
• Daring
• Risk-taker
• Can cope with failure
• Spends time alone or other innovators

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Early Adopters

• Early Adopters
• Part of local social system
• Opinion is valued
• Systematic decisions on innovations
• Reasonable risk tolerance

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Early Majority

• Early Majority
• Frequently interact with peers
• Rarely opinion leader, but will follow
• Need some encouragement (perceived usefulness)
• Moderate risk tolerance (assumes safer in large
  numbers)

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Late Majority

• Late Majority
• Skeptical of anything new
• Needs peer pressure and economic incentive to
  adopt (perceived value)
• Does not like any risk

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Non Adopters

• Non Adopters
• Will not adopt unless mandated
• Will give all kinds of excuses to defend staying
  with old
• Traditionalist prefers to interact with other
  traditionalists

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Population vs. Tech People
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Implications (for IT people)

• Sandras conclusions (for IT people)
• IT cannot
• Solve problems for users, if developers cannot
  see things from other viewpoints (dissociate from
  own perspective)
• Expect everyone to be as logical and structured
• IT teams need
• Team training (BPRO -)
• More practice on communication (BPRO -)
• Extra support, not extra control
• More clarity on expectations (and fewer
  assumptions)

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The Groups are
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White
Tobias
Christian H.
Martina
Stina
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Yellow
Søren
Jonas
Oddfridur
Vincens
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Orange
Casper F. F.
Lasse
Kasper V.
Samuel
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Red
Casper V.
Marco
Morten
Nikolas
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Green
Benjamin
Jeppe
Simon
Thomas
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Blue
Joachim
Kasper N.
Martin
Niclas
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Brown
Hjalte
Lise
Loa
Nick
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Black
Anders
Christian P. N.
Kenneth
Michael
Tim
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Resources
Thanks to Sandra Poindexter for inspiration and
use of slides!

• Please Understand Me II Temperament, Character,
  Intelligence by D. Keirsey and M. Bates, 1998
  http//www.keirsey.com/
• 9 Traits of Highly Successful Teams with L.
  Ankarlo, CareerTrack Seminar Products
• Three ways to motivate your IT team (that really
  work) by J. West. 01 August, 2007, CIO Magazine
  CIO.com.
• The Human Dynamics of IT Teams by J. Tucker, A.
  Mackness, H. Rutledge. Feb. 2004, CrossTalk,
  www.stsc.hill.af.mil/CrossTalk/2004/02/0402Tucker.
  html
• Diffusion of Innovations, E. Rogers

37
Conflict Behavior Patterns

• Conflict behavior patterns