6a Chan Yue Kan

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Human Cloning

• By
• 6a Chan Yue Kan
• 6a Yim Tsz Kin

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What is Human Cloning?

• Human cloning is the creation of a genetically
  identical copy of an existing human or growing
  cloned tissue from that individual. (The term is
  generally used to refer to artificial human
  cloning human clones in the form of identical
  twins are commonplace, with their cloning
  occurring during the natural process of
  reproduction.)

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The Principle of Human Cloning

• Reproductive Cloning
• Therapeutic Cloning

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Original Sexual Reproduction
In sexual reproduction a child gets half its
genes from its mother (in her egg) and half from
its father (in his sperm).
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Reproductive Cloning

• Reproductive cloning uses the cloning procedure
  to produce a clonal embryo which is implanted in
  a woman's womb with intent to create a fully
  formed living child--a clone.

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Therapeutic cloning

• Therapeutic cloning uses the cloning procedure to
  produce a clonal embryo, but instead of being
  implanted in a womb and brought to term it is
  used to generate stem cells
• Stem cells are cells capable of developing into a
  variety of types of cells. They are found in the
  adult body and very early embryos. These stem
  cells can be used to generate "therapeutic
  tissues" or "spare organs.

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Therapeutic cloning
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Application of Human Cloning

• Human Genetic Engineering
• Infertility
• Prevent genetic diseases
• Organ replacement
• More..

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Human Genetic Engineering

• Human genetic engineering means changing the
  genes in a living human cell.

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Infertility

• Human cloning could make it possible for many
  more infertile couples to have children than ever
  before possible.

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Prevent genetic diseases

• Cloning technology can be used to test for and
  perhaps cure genetic diseases.
• e.g. Down's syndrome

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Organ replacement

• Embryonic stem cells can be grown to produce
  organs or tissues to repair or replace damaged
  ones.  Skin, brain cells, spinal cord cells,
  hearts, lungs, livers, and kidneys could be
  produced. 

It may be possible to produce needed tissue for
suffering people that will be free of rejection
by their immune systems. 
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Disadvantage

• 1. health risks from mutation of genes
• The technique is extremely risky now.  A worry is
  the possibility that the genetic material used
  from the adult will continue to age so that the
  genes in a newborn baby clone could be - say - 30
  years old or more on the day of birth. 

e.g. A cloned cow recently died
several weeks after birth with a huge abnormality
of blood cell production.
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• 2.   Emotional risks
• Unbearable emotional pressures on a teenager
  trying to establish his or her identity. 

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• 3.    Abuse of the technology
• There are powerful leaders in every generation
  who will seek to abuse this technology for their
  own purposes.

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• 4.ethics
• human life would be manufactured (made by man
  hand) with specifications, being treated as an
  object, instead of being an individual with his
  own identity, and at risk of being treated as
  second-class individual. The clone itself could
  also suffer from feeling himself/herself merely a
  copy of another individual

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Current Status

• In 2004, a group of scientists led by Woo Suk
  Hwang of Seoul National University in Korea
  claimed to have grown 30 cloned human embryos to
  the one-week stage, and then successfully
  harvested stem cells from them. The results of
  their experiment were published in the
  peer-reviewed journal Science.

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