Once Timber Exporters''Now Importers

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Sustainable Forest Management in Malaysia
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Tropical Forest Area
Mil. ha
America
Deforestation 7.5 mil. ha annually Logging
4.3 mil. ha/yr Degradation ?
900
Open forest
800
896
Africa
700
703
Closed forest
600
500
Asia
400
337
679
300
4.12 lost
1.82 lost
1.33 lost
200
306
217
100
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Once Timber Exporters..Now Importers !!

• Country Status
• India Importers
• Thailand Importers
• Philippines Importers
• P.Malaysia Export Import
• PNG Export
• Indonesia Export
• Laos Export
• Cambodia Export

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Concern
Environmental Degradation
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Concern
Loss of Biodiversity
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Concern

• Increasing Poverty

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Problems in Management

• Technical Failure
• Policy Failure
• Lack of Expert
• Research Failure/Lack of Research

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Foresters have to contend with The Moving Goal
Posts

• Forest Yield
• Biodiversity
• NTFPs
• Community/Social Forestry
• Global Warming/C. Sequestration
• Criteria and Indicators
• Certification
• Sustainable Forest Management

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DEFINITION ( ITTO )

• Sustainable forest management is the process of
  managing permanent forest land to achieve one or
  more clearly specified objectives of management
  with regards to the production of a continuous
  flow of desired forest products and services
  without undue reduction of its inherent values
  and future productivity and without undue
  undesirable effects on physical and social
  environment

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Basic Concept - SFM
Initial stocking
Volume or Basal Area
Sustainable level
Maximum harvestable
Optimum growing stock
F
F
F
Year
Cutting cycle
Cutting cycle
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Extent of Permanent Reserve Forest
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Extent of Forest by Types in Malaysia
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• CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION (CONTINUE)
• NATIONAL FORESTRY POLICY
• (APPROVED - 1978)
• (REVISED - 1992)
• ?
• NATIONAL FORESTRY ACT
• NATIONAL POLICY ON BIODIVERSITY

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SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL FOREST POLICY

• SUFFICIENT AREAS GAZETTED AS PERMANENT FOREST
  ESTATE (PFE)
• PROTECTION FOREST
• PRODUCTION FOREST
• AMENITY FOREST
• RESEARCH EDUCATION FOREST

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Selective Management System (SMS)
Initial stocking

• Criteria
• 32 trees/ha (30-45 cm)
• 40 - 50 cm3/ha
• Ratio of Dipt. to Non-Dipt
• 50cm-D 45cm-ND

Harvesting regime
Harvest
25-30 years

• Standards/Basis used
• in SMS
• Dia.growth 0.8-1.05 cm/yr
• Vol. growth 2.0-2.75 m3/ha/yr
• Mortality 0.9
• Ingrowth 0.6

Residuals
Future Crop
SFM 03-01-03-301
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Soil Damage
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Residual Damaged
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Solution...

• i) Selection System Preferred
• Genetic quality
• Biodiversity
• Growth rates (PSPs)
• Seed Trees ?

Residuals
Cut
No


Diameter
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Solution...

• ii) Planning Logging
• Road Construction
• Skid Trails
• RIL

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Proportions of damaged trees after RIL and
conventional logging
RIL
40-60
CONV
RIL
20-40
CONV
RIL
Diameter class (cm dbh)
10-20
CONV
RIL
5-10
CONV
RIL
1-5
CONV
1.0
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.0
0.2
Proportion of trees
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Roads Skid trails
RIL
Conventional

• Conventional logging RIL
• No of trees extracted/ha 13.6 8.8
• Volume timber extracted (m3 ha-1)
  139 103
• Proportion of area with soil disturbance 0.17 0.
  07
• Skid trail density (m ha-1) 199 67
• Proportion of trees killed during logging
• (5-60 cm dbh) 0.41 0.15
• Density of undamaged sapling
• (5-20 cm dbh) 49 104

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RESPONSIBILITY FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT

• FORESTRY DEPARTMENT
• HEADQUARTERS
• - PERLIS - PERAK
• - KEDAH P.PINANG - KELANTAN
• - SELANGOR - PAHANG
• - TERENGGANU - MELAKA
• - JOHOR N.SEMBILAN

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National Committee on SFM

• Represented by all relevant forestry agencies
• Initiated the development of the Malaysian
  Criteria and Indicators for SFM
• Ensures the implementation of SFM in all the
  states
• National Timber Certification Council

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CRITICAL ACTIVITIES.

• GAZETTE PFE
• ALLOCATE PROTECTION PRODUCTION FORESTS WITHIN
  PFE
• DETERMINE CUTTING CYCLES FOR DIPTEROCARP, PEAT
  SWAMP MANGROVES
• PRESCRIBE AAC (ALLOWABLE ANNUAL CUT)
• MONITOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRESCRIBED AAC

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ILLEGAL LOGGING - JEOPARDISE SFM

• NATIONAL FORESTRY ACT 1994 WAS AMENDED
• PENALTY FOR FOREST OFFENCES
• MAX. USD 200,000 OR IMPRISONMENT NOT EXCEEDING
  20 YEARS

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FUTURE ACTIONS

• IMPROVE CURRENT HARVESTING SYSTEM
• - RIL
• RIL METHOD BY FRIM

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LOGGING/HARVESTING DAMAGE
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Logging damage(Total Logging damages -Killed 15
cm dbh)
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Solution...

• iii) Reducing Logging Damaged
• Using Tractor
• Other Harvesting System
• a) Ground-based cable system
• b) Skyline system
• c) Helicopter

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RIL BY FRIM..
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RIL BY FRIM..
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WATER QUALITY
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ANIMAL BIO-D
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Thank you