Field Planning Model

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Field Planning Model

• Communicating
• Reservoirs
• Aquifer Influx
• Well Flow
• Facilities
• Re-completions
• Drilling
• Optimization

OPTIMIZE PRODUCTION FIND THE UPSIDE
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FPM is a revolutionary concept in field depletion
planning. Driven by material balance and
diffusivity you can determine well deliverability
to multiple pressure systems with optimal
compressor or separator loading.

• FPM enables petroleum engineers to optimize field
  production.
• In the past, field optimization was done in
  parts the reservoir, wells and facilities.
  Efforts to combine these into a single model have
  previously failed due to prohibitive computation
  time, unmanageable data volumes and inadequate
  model integrity.
• FPM has been designed to address these
  deficiencies by
• Minimising model parameters
• Maximizing computational efficiency
• Direct access to Database.
• FPM minimizes model parameters by reducing the
  number of grids and using pseudo relative
  permeability curves. FPM improves computational
  efficiency by using equations not tables, RAM not
  hard disk and implicit not explicit formulations.
  

• FPM copes with large volumes of data by automatic
  history matching, direct access to database,
  automatic work-overs and infill well selection.
• In field management FPM assists the operations
  engineer by providing
• Predictions derived from a high fidelity history
  match of oil, water, gas and pressure of the
  reservoir, wells, facilities and transmission
  systems.
• Optimization of production by selecting optimum
  work-overs and optimum infill well locations
  within the facility limitations.
• Rapid what if cases for a wide range of
  parameters ranging from completion options to oil
  gravity limitations.
• Simple spreadsheet reports of wells, reservoirs
  or field production that can readily be
  integrated in corporate economic and planning
  tools.
•  

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• FPM has the following advantages
• Easy data input with direct links to production
  and digital map databases.
• As an advanced material balance simulator it can
  handle a very large number of reservoirs and
  wells.
• Aquifer models allow the engineer to adjust
  aquifer strength by altering aquifer size,
  geometry, permeability and compressibility.
• Allows enhanced well test matching.
• Report generation in Excel or text formats.

Do you know where your oil is? FPM can generate
plots to show the remaining oil in place before
and after a prediction run.
End of History
End of Prediction
Five Fields with 660 Wells, 540 Reservoirs,
thousands of completions, 50 Years of History and
18 Years of Prediction in less than 2 MINUTES!
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HOW DOES IT WORK?  The Reservoir A reservoir can
be modelled as one or multiple cells. Any cell
or reservoir can be connected to any other by
assigning a transmissibility factor. The model
can range from 1-Phase and 1-D to 3-Phase and
3-D. Aquifers can be attached to any reservoir
or group of reservoirs
FPM uses 3-Phase relative permeability to
generate pseudo curves for individual wells and
reservoir wide curves for infill wells. In the
definition of reservoir wide curves the critical
water saturation is uniquely defined as a
function of dip of formation, distance to
contact, viscosity, permeability and gravity
factor. The last can range from 0 for bottom
water influx to 1 for gravity segregation.
Field or Well specific Pseudo Permeability Curves
can be used for History Matching or Predictions
Swcwell f (f , x, ro / rw , mo / mw ,G )
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In an effort to determine the reliability of FPM
its results were compared with those of a finite
difference model. The single cell model was
matched to the fine grid model.
The forecasts of both models are very similar.
It may be difficult to argue which is more
reliable. This question is more pertinent in a
real case where FPM will normally generate a
higher fidelity match.
Finite Differences Prediction Model
FPM Prediction Model
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WELL HISTORY MATCHINGHistory matching is
accomplished by adjusting the critical water
saturation, the slope of Krg, Krw, Kro and the
Dietz critical factor.
This will allow a more precise fit to history
than a reservoir wide curve. This is most
important for existing wells continuing into
Prediction time.
Typical Well Match (Total Fluid)
Calculated Values
Measured Values
Reservoir History Match (Water)
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Forecasting from existing wells utilizes pseudo
well curves. New wells require either reservoir
wide curves or pseudo well characteristics
calculated from FPM generated maps. FPM
calculates reservoir top, net sand thickness,
porosity, water saturation, permeability and
pseudo-perm functions at
each node over a fine grid (generally 50m).
Contoured cell polygons of any of the above
parameters can be interactively displayed by
reservoir or field. They are available in two
or three dimensional graphs.
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From RESERVOIR to EXPORT PIPELINE  FPM has the
ability to model multiphase lift in the well-bore
with any of the 19 industry standard
correlations.   Multiple completions including
mono-bore, single non-selective and selective,
dual non-selective and selective can be modelled.
Cross-flow is detected in all completions.
The FPM facility module includes flow-lines,
manifolds, water/gas knock-outs, separators,
compressors and pipelines. This is generally
where the greatest pressure losses occur.
Forecasting without modelling the facilities
should only be considered as an academic
exercise. Multiple stations and fields can be
simulated with a detailed surface network of
wells, flow stations and pipelines.

• Flowlines
• Manifolds
• Water/Gas Knock-Out
• Separators
• Compressors
• Pipelines

• Gas Lift
• High Low Pressure
• Optimization

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WELL WORK-OVERS Once a well has reached its
specified limits in any reservoir, FPM will
automatically perform a work-over based on
defined criteria.
FPM will prioritise wells waiting for work-over
to select the best candidate to fill the
production facility. Completion type, remaining
reserve, oil rate, water cut and GOR are just
some of the controls available.
Existing Well with 3 sliding sleeves.
During a prediction FPM selects which reservoir
is to be produced to minimize water and maximize
oil production, plan work-overs and infill
drilling.
Prediction Start
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Prognosed Drilling Data can be imported from a
mapping package such as Z-map or CPS-3 and read
into FPM on a user-defined grid, usually 100
metres. A Prognosed Well is created at each
grid node.   A prediction base case establishes
work-overs for existing wells, facility
modifications and a current drilling schedule.
FPM drills each prognosed well individually
and calculates the incremental field recovery.
This establishes which well has least
interference and best facility path. The best
wells can then be ranked. FPM has a Drilling
Manager that allows the intensive computer
process to be accomplished for large fields in
hours rather than days.
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3D Visualization FPM allows the input of not
only cell polygon outlines but also geologic
mapping from Z-map or other formats from
geophysical workstations. This allows 3D
visualization of the reservoir
and the spatial relationships of the reservoirs
in a field. Further, the movement of oil-water
contacts through time can be mapped to ascertain
the encroachment of water to individual wells.
3D Reservoir Visualization
Original Water/Oil Contact in the Reservoir
A Well and its reservoirs
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OPES International
Petroleum Engineering Consultants

• Reservoir Engineering and Field-wide  Simulation
• Field Planning and Optimization
• Reserve Reporting and Property Evaluation
• Well Test Planning and Analysis
• Production Geology
• Production Engineering
• Reserve Reporting and Property Evaluation
• Plan Of Development (POD)
• Development of Specialized Petroleum Engineering
  Software
• Training in Reservoir Engineering and Field
  Management

Australia International House L17, 26 St George's
Tce., Perth, Western Australia 6000 PO Box 6128,
East Perth, WA 6892 www.opes.com.au Tel 61 8
9221 3909 Fax [phone]
Indonesia Setiabudi Atrium Suite 210, Jl. H.R.
Rasuna Said Kav, 62 - Kuningan Jakarta
12920 www.bnp.co.id Tel [phone] Fax 62
21 520 1049