Environmental differentiation of fairway charges the Swedish experience

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Environmental differentiation of fairway charges
- the Swedish experience

• Henrik Swahn
• senior adviser
• Swedish Maritime Administration
• Department for Maritime Policy and Public Affairs

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Disposition

• Background
• Description of the Swedish system
• Diffusion and effects on emissions
• Social Benefits and Costs
• Implications for abatement policy
• Comment on relation between social benefit and
  incentives of the system
• The way ahead

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THE SWEDISH FAIRWAY DUE

• A two part due based on
• the ships gross tonnage (GT)
• loaded or unloaded cargo volume
• The GT part is differentiated according to the
  emission of NOx and the sulpur content of the fuel

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ENVIRONMENTAL DIFFERENTIATION
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BASIC STUDIES

• 1. Infrastructure charges in shipping (Adveco)
• 2. Evaluation by MariTerm
• 3. Economic instruments for reducing emissions
  from sea transport (Kågeson)
• 4.Impact from regional policy
• 5. Ferries with and without low sulphur
  certificate

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Rapid establishment of stock of sulphur
certificates
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Evaluation at the end of 1999 (2001).

• NOx 13 ships 1999, (30 ships 2001)
• Reduction in the Baltic and North Sea 27000
  tons (est 2001)
• 30 reduction comparing 95/98
• SOx 1114 cert. 1999 (1043 cert 2002)
• Reduction in the Baltic and North Sea 50 000
  tons (estimate 2001)
• 10 reduction comparing 95/98

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Two alternativ damage cost estimates
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justified abatement measures for SOx as a
function of percentage operation in SOx sensitive
areas
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justified abatement measures for NOx as a
function of percentage operation in NOx sensitive
areas
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THE REGIONAL IMPACT

• Sjötrafik- Gods Farledsavgift 1998 års Ökad
  avgift Ny avgiftområde (1000 ton) per ton
  gods resultat för kostnads- per ton (1000
  kr) täckning gods
• Bottenviken 9486 3,42 -30544 3,22 6,64
• N Bottenhavet 7195 6,28 -23115 3,21 9,49
• S Bottenhavet 6677 5,84 -10772 1,61 7,45
• Stockholm 9663 8,50 9085 -0,94 7,56
• Mälaren 6163 5,63 -51337 8,33 13,96
• Bråviken 8728 5,18 7159 -0,82 4,36
• Gotland 5814 3,08 -5697 0,98 4,06
• Kalmarsund 2896 4,72 -26564 9,17 13,89
• Hanöbukten 5516 5,58 -3554 0,64 6,22
• Öresund 30424 5,77 107029 -3,52 2,25
• Kattegatt 33934 6,50 138155 -4,07 2,43
• Skagerrak 24337 5,97 77007 -3,16 2,81
• Trollhättan 2394 5,33 -26859 11,22 16,55
• TOTAL 153227 159993

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CONCLUSIONS

• Positive experiences so far
• The 75 goal could be reached
• Increase the sulphur rebate
• The EU-adaption has worked well
• Adjustments of some rebates will be considered