BIODIESEL%20BLENDS

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BIODIESEL BLENDS

• For GHG Stakeholders
• December 9, 2004

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(No Transcript)
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WHAT IS IT?

• Soy beans are refined to separate the glycerin
  from the methyl esters -- both useful products.

• The latter (biodiesel) is biodegradable,
  nontoxic, and essentially free of sulfur.

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1. USES in TRANSPORTATION

• Add to petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel
  blend
• Blends known by biodiesel -- eg B-5, B-10, B-20
• Can be used in compression-ignition (diesel)
  engines with little or no modifications

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BIODIESEL AND GLOBAL WARMING

• 1998 biodiesel lifecycle study by US DOE and USDA
  concluded that biodiesel reduces net CO2
  emissions by 78 compared to petroleum diesel due
  to biodiesels closed carbon cycle.
• CO2 released into atmosphere when biodiesel is
  burned is recycled by growing plants, which are
  later processed into fuel.

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BIODIESEL EMISSIONS

• Using biodiesel in a diesel engine reduces
  unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and
  particulate matter compared to emissions from
  diesel fuel
• Also, exhaust emissions of sulfur oxides and
  sulfates (major components of acid rain) from
  biodiesel are essentially eliminated compared to
  diesel

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BIODIESEL EMISSIONS
AVERAGE BIODIESEL EMISSIONS COMPARED TO
CONVENTIONAL DIESEL, ACCORDING TO EPA Emission
Type B100 B20 Regulated Total Unburned
Hydrocarbons -67 -20 Carbon Monoxide
-48 -12 Particulate Matter -47
-12 Nox 10 2 Non-Regulated Sulfates
-100 -20 PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons) -80 -13 nPAH (nitrated
PAHs) -90 -50 Ozone potential of
speciated HC -50 -10 Estimated from B100
result Average reduction across all compounds
measured 2-nitroflourine results were within
test method variability
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ENCOURAGING BIODIESEL

• Using biodiesel for vehicle fleets
• US EPA grant to 5 school districts to install
  pollution controls and use biodiesel
• Warwick will retrofit 40 busses w. pollution
  control and use biodiesel for all 72 busses

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2. USES in SPACE HEATING

• Add to petroleum diesel to create a biofuel blend
  (bioheat)
• Blends known by biodiesel -- eg B-5, B-10, B-20
• Can be used in furnaces and boilers with little
  or no modifications, provided the is not too
  high (at high BBs, bioheats solvent effect can
  cause problems)

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Warwick Public School DepartmentBio-Fuel/Heating
Oil Blending Project

• One Year Project, 03/01 to 02/02.
• Medium to Large Boilers.
• Three Blends B-10, B-15 B-20
• Monthly Testing Of
• Boiler Efficiency Fuel Characteristics.

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Site Locations Blends
Control
10 - B-10 Blend
20 - B-20 Blend
15 - B-15 Blend
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Sampling Analysis Photos
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Burner Efficiency Emissions
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• Thanks for Warwick slides to
• Robert S. CerioEnergy Educator/Manager2401 West
  Shore RoadWarwick, R.I. 02889401-734-3219 x
  320 401-734-3214 fax

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BIOHEAT FOR HOMES

• Tested in boilers and furnaces at BNL in 2001,
  NEFI in 2003
• Available in RI through Peoples Power Light
  program (US DOE grant through RISEO)
• Available on conventional commercial basis from
  some MA oilheat dealers

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ENCOURAGING BIOHEAT

• Retail price premium of B10 over 2 distillate is
  currently almost 0.20/gallon
• 2-year federal tax incentive 2005/6 equates to
  0.01 per percent of fuel from biodiesel (0.005
  if recycled)

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Options To Promote Bioheat and Biodiesel in RI?

• Options
• Expanding demonstration programs for buildings
  and fleets.
• State purchases of bioheat for buildings and
  biodiesel for vehicles.
• Consumer education and publicity
• Other?
• How (and whom) to pursue in RIGHG process?