U'S' Public Health Service

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U.S. Public Health Service

• Stuart Henochowicz, M.D., M.B.A., F.A.C.P.

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CDC

• Centers for Disease Prevention and Control- Based
  in Atlanta- 8,500 employees
• 1946- CDC opens in old Malaria Control office in
  Atlanta
• Part of CDC mission- to control malaria in U.S.
  South

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CDC

• 1961- Takes over publication of Morbidity and
  Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• 1966- Smallpox eradication program
• 1976- Investigates Legionnaires Disease,
  identifies organism, Legionella pneumophila
• Personal note Dinner at the Bellevue- Stratford
  in Phila.- this past Sat.

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CDC

• 1981- reports first cases of AIDS in MMWR
• 1993- Discovery of virus causing pulmonary
  disease( hantavirus pulmonary syndrome) in the
  U.S. Southwest- Sin Nombre Virus (SNV)
• 1997- Investigation of Avian Influenza A (H5N1)

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CDC

• Components
• National Center on Birth Defects and
  Developmental Disabilities (NCBDDD) provides
  national leadership for preventing birth defects
  and developmental disabilities and for improving
  the health and wellness of people with
  disabilities.
• National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention
  and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP) prevents premature
  death and disability from chronic diseases and
  promotes healthy personal behaviors.
• National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH)
  provides national leadership in preventing and
  controlling disease and death resulting from the
  interactions between people and their
  environment.
• National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)
  provides statistical information that will guide
  actions and policies to improve the health of the
  American people.

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CDC

• National Center on Birth Defects and
  Developmental Disabilities (NCBDDD) provides
  national leadership for National Center for HIV,
  STD, and TB Prevention (NCHSTP) provides national
  leadership in preventing and controlling human
  immunodeficiency virus infection, sexually
  transmitted diseases, and tuberculosis.
• National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID)
  prevents illness, disability, and death caused by
  infectious diseases in the United States and
  around the world.
• National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
  (NCIPC) prevents death and disability from
  nonoccupational injuries, including those that
  are unintentional and those that result from
  violence.
• National Immunization Program (NIP) prevents
  disease, disability, and death from
  vaccine-preventable diseases in children and
  adults.

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CDC

• National Institute for Occupational Safety and
  Health (NIOSH) ensures safety and health for all
  people in the workplace through research and
  prevention.
• Epidemiology Program Office (EPO) strengthens the
  public health system by coordinating public
  health surveillance providing support in
  scientific communications, statistics, and
  epidemiology and training in surveillance,
  epidemiology, and prevention effectiveness.
• Public Health Practice Program Office (PHPPO)
  strengthens community practice of public health
  by creating an effective workforce, building
  information networks, conducting practice
  research, and ensuring laboratory quality.

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CDC

• Publications
• Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal
• Preventing Chronic Disease Journal
• NCID- Travelers Health

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FDA

• Food and Drug Administration- headquartered in
  Rockville, MD.
• 9,100 employees, budget of 1.3 billion in 2001
• 1/3 of employees stationed in 150 field offices
  around the U.S.

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FDA

• History
• 1862- Chemist in the Dept. of Agriculture
• Late 1800s- Division of Chemistry
• 1906- Food and Drugs Act (Wiley Act)- regulation
  of product labeling
• Investigation of patent medicine

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Harvey Wiley and Div. of Chemistry Staff, 1899
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FDA

• 1937- Elixir Sulfanilimide- Liquid Sulfa in
  Ethylene Glycol (anti-freeze)
• Not tested for toxicity
• More than 100 deaths, mostly children
• 1938- Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

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FDA

• 1958- Delaney Clause- ban on carcinogens
• 1976- Congress prohibits FDA from regulating
  potency of dietary supplements
• Congress overturned Delaney ban on saccharine
• Accelerated drug approval process
• Pharma reimbursement of approval costs

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Lashlure
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Thalidomide Babies
Sourcehttp//www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/thalidomide/
first.html
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FDA

• FDA Components
• Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
• Drug Evaluation and Research
• Devices and Radiological Health
• Biologics Evaluation and Research
• Veterinary Medicine
• Field Operations/Regulatory Affairs
• Toxicological Research

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NIH

• National Institutes of Health- Bethesda, MD.
• 18,000 employees, budget of 27 billion in FY2003
• 27 institutes and centers

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NIH

• 1887- Marine Hospital Service physician, Joseph
  Kinyoun, establishes laboratory of hygiene on
  Staten Island, N.Y.
• 1891- Hygienic Laboratory moves to D.C.
• 1930- Ransdell Act establishes NIH
• 1937- Establishment of the National Cancer
  Institute (NCI)
• 1940- FDR dedicates Bethesda campus

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NIH

• 1944- Public Health Service Act
• 1946- Grants program established for all of NIH
• 1947-1966- Increase in budget from 8 million to
  more than 1 billion

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NIH

• 1953- Establishment of Clinical Center
• 1968- National Library of Medicine becomes part
  of NIH
• NIH funded research- more than 80 Nobel Prizes
• FY 2003- 1.75 billion- Biological defense
  research (http//www.govexec.com/dailyfed/1202/120
  902gsn1.htm)

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The Hygienic Laboratory building at 25th and E
Streets, N.W., Washington, D.C. Occupied 1904 -
1941.
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