Setting the stage

1
Setting the stage

• 7 southern most states have seceded formed the
  Confederacy were taking over Union forts
• South Carolina
• Georgia
• Florida
• Alabama
• Mississippi
• Texas
• Louisiana

2
The War Begins at Fort Sumter in South Carolina

• April 1861 Confederates want control of fort
• Union troops HAVE control of fort
• Refuse to abandon but...
• Cut off from the North
• Lincoln only sends supplies
• Confederate Troops attack seize Fort Sumter
• Direct result- Lincoln decides to go to war

3
Reaction to Fort Sumter

• Lincoln Calls for troops in the North
• 4 slave states seceded joined the confederacy
• Virginia
• Arkansas
• North Carolina
• Tennessee
• Only 4 slave states remain in the Union BORDER
  STATES!!!
• Maryland
• Kentucky
• Delaware
• Missouri

4
Advantages

• North
• People
• Resources
• Railroads
• Factories

• South
• Cotton
• Military Leaders
• Strong Military Tradition
• Motivated soldiers

5
Strategy

• South
• Defense
• Attack if opportunity arose or if necessary

• North
• Anaconda Plan
• Blockade Southern Ports No Cotton OUT, No
  Supplies IN
• Control Mississippi River therefore split South
  in 2
• Take capital city

6
Major Battles Events

• 1st Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861
• 25 miles from Union capitol- Washington DC
• Union General McDowell
• Confederate General Thomas Jackson
• earns his nickname Stonewall Jackson
• Confederate back up arrives
• Union troops retreat in panic
• 1st victory for the Confederates
• Confederates thought the war was over

7
Lincolns Reaction to Bull Run

• Calls for more troops 1 million troops!!!
• Increases service time from 3 months to 3 years
• Appoints General George McClellan to lead new
  Union troops

8
General Ulysses S. Grant

• Union General West Point Grad
• Takes 2 Confederate Forts on 2 important rivers
• Fort Henry on Tennessee River
• Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River
• Nickname for the U.S. Grant initials
  Unconditional Surrender

9
Battle at Shiloh

• No clear winner- a draw
• Had lasting impact though
• Send scouts, dig trenches, build fortifications
• Showed how bloody war could would be
• Showed Union they might be able to get control of
  the Mississippi River

10
David G. Farragut

• Commander of Union fleet of 40 ships
• Seize New Orleans- Confederacys largest city
  busiest sea port
• Took control of New Orleans, Baton Rouge, Natchez
• Only ports left for the UNION to capture- Port
  Hudson, Louisiana Vicksburg, Mississippi

11
Ironclads New Weapons

• Grant used Ironclad ships to capture Fort Henry
  Fort Donelson
• Ironclad Battle
• Norths ship- Monitor
• Souths ship- Merrimack
• Battle was a draw
• New Weapons
• Rifle
• Minie ball
• Hand grenades
• Land mines

12
Robert E. Lee

• Becomes commander of the Confederate Army after
  General Joseph Johnston was wounded
• Opposed secession- but declined offer to be
  General of Union Army was determined to save
  his state- VIRGINIA

13

• 2nd Battle of Bull Run - Aug, 1862
• -General Lee wins
• - crosses into Maryland- but is stopped by
  McClellan

14

• Antietam Creek- September 1862
• -Single Bloodiest battle in American History
• -No winner- Lee retreats but McClellan
  cautious as always- does not pursue
• - Lincoln fires McClellan

Lincoln at Antietam
15

• Emancipation Proclamation
• Jan 1, 1863 Lincoln issues the Emancipation
  Proclamation

16

• Freed the slaves in the REBELLING STATES ONLY
• Why not KY, DE, MO, and MD- they were slave
  states?
• They were border states that had no seceded
• If Lincoln had freed their slaves he would have
  lost their support they would have considered
  seceding
• Slaves were used as army labor, so Lincoln
  confiscated this labor
• Not really practical
• More Symbolic

17

• Allowed blacks to enlist in Union Army
• After this, compromise is not possible between
  the 2 sides
• Not everyone in the North agreed with the
  Proclamation
• Confederacy- OUTRAGED- made them more determined
  than ever to win the war

18
Chancellorsville, Virginia

• South defeated the North
• General Stonewall Jackson was accidently shot
  by his own men in the left arm
• Then caught pneumonia died on May 10
• Lee decided to invade the North - he crossed the
  Potomac into Maryland and then into Pennsylvania

19

• Gettysburg -July, 1863
• -Turning point of the war
• -South lost morale and spirit
• Union lost 23,000 men (dead or wounded)
• Confederacy lost 28,000 men (dead or wounded)

20
Vicksburg, Mississippi

• one of the only confederate holdouts preventing
  the Union from taking the Mississippi River
• Confederates surrendered to Union General Grant
• 5 days later- Port Hudson, Louisiana the last
  Confederate holdout- fell to the Union-
  Confederacy cut in 2

21

• The Gettysburg Address November 1863
• Cemetery dedication
• Lincoln spoke for 2 minute
• People realize that the U.S. is 1 nation, not a
  collection of individual states, and is worth
  dying for

22

• Following Gettysburg and Vicksburg, morale in the
  South deterioratedthe people were starving
• CSA couldnt come together
• High of deserters

23
Grant appoints Sherman

• Lincoln made Grant commander of all Union armies
• Grant made Sherman commander of the military
  division of the Mississippi
• These two leaders would change the course of the
  war

24
Grants overall strategy

• Grant would Immobilize Lees army in Virginia
• Sherman would take on Georgia
• Fredericksburg ? Spotsylvania ? Petersburg
• Grant lost nearly 60,000 men
• Lee lost 32,000 men
• But Grant could replace them Lee couldnt

25
Sherman takes Atlanta

• September 2, 1864
• Shermans army occupied Atlanta
• Plan- march southeast through Georgia
• Mid-November burned most of Atlanta headed to
  the coast

26
Peachtree Street, 1864
27

• -Shermans March to the Sea
• -Total War destroys everything in his
  pathwants to starve the South into surrender
• -Reaches Savannah in December

28

• November 1864- Lincoln re-elected with Andrew
  Johnson (TN) as V.P.
• Sherman gives Savannah to Lincoln as a Christmas
  Gift
• Sherman heads North and destroys S.C. (1st state
  to secede)-burns every house in its path

29
Surrender at Appomattox

• Early 1865-CSA govt abandons Richmond
• Grant closing in from west, Sherman from the
  South
• April 1865- Lee Grant meet at Appomattox Court
  House in Virginia
• Lincolns conditions were generous
• Sent Confederate troops home with food and their
  horses
• Officers were allowed to keep their guns

30
V. The Legacy of the War

• Political Changes
• 1. Federal government is supreme- increased
  power
• 2. More directly involved in citizens lives

31

• B. Economic Changes
• 1. North economy boomed
• War-time industries

32

• 2. South economy devastated
• -Slaves are gone (investments)
• -Wiped out livestock and farmland

33

• C. Costs of the war
• 1. Every family was affected
• 2. Union losses 360,000
• 3. Confederate losses 260,000
• ALMOST AS MUCH AS ALL U.S. WAR LOSSES COMBINED
  (WWI WWII Korea Vietnam, etc.)

34

• D. Warfare Changes
• 1. Technology rifle, minie ball, grenade, land
  mine
• 2. Strategy trench warfare

35

• E. Life Changes
• 1. January, 1865 13th Amendment
• -Abolished slavery everywhere

36
F. Lincolns Assassination

• 1. April, 1865- 5 days after Appomattox
• 2. Fords Theatre

37

• 3. John Wilkes Booth
• 4. 7 million turned out to mourn him as his body
  went past on a train
• 5. 1st President to be assassinated