Microbial Genetics

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Chapter 8

• Microbial Genetics

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Terminology

• Genetics
• Genome
• Chromosome

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Terminology

• Genetics
• Genome
• Chromosome
• Gene
• Genotype
• Phenotype
• Flow of genetic information

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DNA Replication

• Bases involved
• DNA polymerase
• DNA ligase
• Semiconservative replication

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Protein Synthesis

• Transcription
• Messenger RNA (mRNA)
• Bases involved

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Protein Synthesis

• Transcription
• Translation
• Codons
• Genetic code

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Protein Synthesis

• Transcription
• Translation
• Codons
• Genetic code
• Transfer RNA (tRNA)
• Anticodon

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Protein Synthesis

• Transcription
• Translation
• Codons
• Genetic code
• Transfer RNA
• Anticodon
• Eukaryotic DNA
• Introns
• Exons

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Regulation of Gene Expression

• Induction
• Lac operon

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Regulation of Gene Expression

• Induction
• Lac operon
• Catabolite repression

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Regulation of Gene Expression

• Induction
• Lac operon
• Catabolite repression
• Cyclic AMP (cAMP)

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Regulation of Gene Expression

• Induction
• Repression
• Trp operon

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Mutations

• Samesense
• Missense
• Nonsense
• Frameshift

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Mutagens

• Chemicals

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Mutagens

• Chemicals
• Radiation
• Ionizing
• Nonionizing

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Mutagens

• Chemicals
• Radiation
• Ionizing
• Nonionizing
• Light-repair enzymes
• Nucleotide excision repair

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Identifying Mutants

• Positive or direct selection
• Negative or indirect selection
• Replica plating

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Genetic Transfer and Recombination

• Crossing over

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Genetic Transfer and Recombination

• Crossing over
• Transformation

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Genetic Transfer and Recombination

• Crossing over
• Transformation
• Conjugation
• F cell transfers DNA from plasmid to F- cell
  converting it to F
• Hfr cell transfers part of plasmid plus part of
  chromosome to F- cell without converting the F-
  to F

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Genetic Transfer and Recombination

• Crossing over
• Transformation
• Conjugation
• Transduction
• Generalized
• Specialized

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Plasmids

• Conjugative plasmids contain F factor
• Dissimilation plasmids
• Resistance factors

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Plasmids

• Conjugative plasmids
• Dissimilation plasmids
• Resistance factors
• Bacteriocin production
• Ability to break down unusual compounds

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Transposons

• Transposons may move and disable genes or may
  contain gene sequences of their own.

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