Introduction to composite construction of buildings

1
Composite Construction
Introduction to composite construction of
buildings
2
General
Steel and concrete
These two materials complete one another

• Concrete is efficient in compression and steel in
  tension

• Concrete encasement restrain steel against
  buckling

• Protection against corrosion and fire

• Steel bring ductility into the structure

3
General
Aspects for using composite structures

• Architectural

• Economical

• Functionality

• Service and Flexibility

• Assembly

4
Aspects for using composite structures
Architectural

• Longer spans

• Thinner slabs

• More slender column

• More generous opportunities for design

5
Aspects for using composite structures
Economical

• Reduction of height reduces the total of the
  building --gt saving area of cladding

• Longer spans with the same height
• --gt column free rooms

• Additional storeys with the same total height of
  building

• Quicker time of erection

• Saving costs, earlier completion of the building

• Lower financing costs

• Ready for use earlier thus increasing rental
  income

6
Aspects for using composite structures
Functionality

• Fire protection by using principles of reinforced
  concrete in which the concrete protects the steel

7
Aspects for using composite structures
Service and building flexibility

• Adaptable structures

• Modification during the life of the building

• Modify services without violating the privacy of
  other occupants

• Accommodation of service facilities

in the ceiling within a false floor in a coffer
box running along the walls
8
Aspects for using composite structures
Assembly

• Working platforms of steel decking

• Permanent shuttering

• Reinforcement of profiled steel sheetings

• Speed and simplicity of construction

• Quality controlled products ensure greater
  accuracy

9
Construction methods
Traditionally two counteracting methods of
construction could be observed both connected
with special advantages but also disadvantages
worth mentioning.

• Conventional concrete construction method

• Construction in steel

high ratio between bearing capacity and weight
freedom of form and shapes
prefabrication
easy to handle
high accuracy
thermal resistance
- low fire resistance
- time-consuming shuttering
- need of higher educated personal
- sensitive on tensile forces
10
Construction methods

• Composite Construction

comparing these two methods a combination of both
presents the most economic way
higher bearing capacity
higher stiffness
plastic redistribution
11
Construction elements
12
Construction elements
Composite slabs

• Reinforced concrete slab

13
Construction elements
Slabs

• Pre-stressed concrete slabs

14
Construction elements
Slabs

• Profile steel sheeting

Interlock between steel and concrete
mechanical
frictional
end anchorage
15
Construction elements
Beams

• Conventional and innovative composite beams

16
Construction elements
Beams

• Types of shear connectors

17
Construction elements
Columns

• Examples of composite columns

18
Construction elements
Joints

• Example of vertical shear transfer between beam
  and column

19
Examples
Millennium Tower (Vienna - Austria)

• 55 storeys

• Total height 202 m

• Total ground floor 38000 m2

• Capital expenditure about 145 million Euro

• Time of erection 8 months

20
Examples
Millennium Tower (Vienna - Austria)
21
Examples
Millennium Tower (Vienna - Austria)
Total time of erection 8 monthmax. speed 2 to
2.5 storeys per week!
22
Examples
Citibank Duisburg (Duisburg - Germany)

• 15 storeys

• Total height 72 m

• Total ground floor 14500 m2

23
Examples
Parking deck DEZ (Innsbruck - Austria)

• 4 storeys

• Ground dimensions 60 x 30 m

• Max. span length 10.58 m with 26 cm slim floor
  slab ( l/40)

24
Examples
Parking deck DEZ (Innsbruck - Austria)
Erection of composite columns over 2 storeys
Assembly of prefabricated concrete slabs
25
Examples
Parking deck DEZ (Innsbruck - Austria)
Cross section of the slim-floor beam and
slab -200 mm concrete slab -60 mm prefabricated
concrete elements -steel beam web 165/20
mm flange 245/40 mm -headed studs 22 mm
26
Concluding summary
Composite construction is popular for buildings
because of following aspects

• Economy

• Architecture

• Functionality

• Service and building flexibility

• Assembly