Cooley, Mead, Freud, Erikson and Levinson

1
Cooley, Mead, Freud, Erikson and Levinson

• Behind the Theories on Development

2
Charles Cooley (1864-1929)
3
Cooley
He said that the self develops through process of
social interaction
4
Cooley

• Influenced by family primarily, then later
  peer-groups.

5
Cooley

• Used the analogy of a Looking-Glass (mirror) to
  describe the 3 stage process of self

6
Cooley

• 1. We imagine how our actions appear to others
• 2. We imagine how others judge our actions
• 3. We make some sort of self-judgment based
  on 1 2

7
George Herbert Mead (1863-1931)
8
Mead

• He traced peoples awareness of self to primary
  caregiver

9
Mead

• He said the self is composed of 2 parts-I and
  Me

10
Mead
I like Mead! Very Much!!!

• The I portion wishes to have self expression,
  to be active and spontaneous

11
Mead

• The Me portion is made up of the things learned
  through the socialization process.  The Me
  makes normal social interaction possible

12
Mead

• He said the self develops in 3 stages

13
Mead

• Preparatory stage-child imitates others

14
Mead

• Play stage-child has acquired language and not
  only imitates, but form role expectations
  playing house, cops and robbers.

15
Mead

• Game stage-child learns there are rules that
  specify the correct and proper relationship among
  the players.  We learn the expectations of
  various positions which we interact as well as
  the expectations of the general audience

16
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
17
Freud

• He said the self has 3 separately functioning
  parts, in which the individual is constantly at
  struggle.

18
Freud

• Id-the drives and instincts that every human
  inherits, mostly remain unconscious

19
Freud

• Superego-societys norms and expectations,
  primarily learned from parents

20
Freud

• Ego-mediates the eternal conflict of the id and
  superego, also finds socially acceptable ways to
  express ids drives.

21
Erik Erikson (1902-1994)
22
Erikson

•   Human development is accomplished in 8 stages

23
Erikson

• 1. Trust vs. Mistrust (up to 1 year)
• 2. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (1-4)
• 3. Initiative vs. guilt (4-5)
• 4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12)
• 5. Identity vs. role confusion (adolescence)
• 6. Intimacy vs. isolation (young adulthood)
• 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (30s to 50s)
• 8. Integrity vs. Despair (old age)

24
Daniel Levinson (1920-1994)
No Pictures!!!!
25
Levinson

• He focused on adult development-said there were 6
  stages

26
Levinson

• Early adult period 18-22

27
Levinson

• Getting into adult world 22-28-form a dream

28
Levinson
Tries to fix all of the flaws. Start a family.
Find a spouse. Make up for the flaws.
29
Levinson

• Settling down-has reworked flaws and seeks order
  and stability

30
Levinson

• Age 40 transitional period-mid-life crisis

31
Levinson

• Beginning of middle adulthood-mid 40s

32
Thats All Folks!!