Tahere Noori

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Tahere Noori

• Gender Statistician
• Statistics Sweden
• tahere.noori_at_scb.se

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Sex

• The biological differences between women and men,
  which are universal, obvious and generally
  permanent. Sex describes the biological, physical
  and genetic composition with which we are born.

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Gender

• Refers to the comparative or differential roles,
  responsibilities and opportunities for women and
  men in a given society.

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Gender issue

• A gender issue is any issue or concern determined
  by gender-based and/or sex-based differences
  between women and men.

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Gender issues

• Gender issues are all aspects and concerns of how
  women and men interrelate, their differences in
  access to and use of resources, their activities,
  and how they react to changes, interventions, and
  policies.

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Gender issues worldwide

• Decision-making
• Politcal power
• Economic decision making
• Economic life
• Time use in paid and unpaid work
• Labour force participation
• Agriculture
• Occupational segregation
• Salaries and career opportunities
• Informal sector
• Unemployment abnd underemployment
• Poverty

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Gender issues worldwide

• Family and household
• Household headship
• Houshold size and composition
• Fertility
• Aging
• Health
• Life expectancy
• Diseases
• Causes of death
• Reproductive health
• AIDS

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Gender issues worldwide

• Education
• Illiteracy
• Drop out
• Fields of study
• Adult training
• teachers
• Violence and Crime
• Victims of violence and crime
• Offenders
• Forced prostitution and trafficking

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Gender issues worldwide

• Laws
• Environment
• Access to natural resources
• Environmental degradation
• Health threats
• Special Concerns
• Migration
• Refugees

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Gender Equality

• "The main point is not the mere existence of
  such differences, but the fact that these
  differences should not have a negative impact on
  the living conditions of both women and men,
  should not discriminate against them and should
  contribute to an equal sharing of power in
  economy, society and policy-making
  processes"Final Report of Activities of the
  Group of Specialists on Mainstreaming (EG-S-MS)

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What is genderstatistics?

• Genderstatstics is statstics/indicators which
  describe social changes as well as current
  changes in different policy areas with a
  genderperspective

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Statistics are needed to

• Raise consciousness, persuade policymakers and
  promote changes.
• Provide ideas, provide an unbiased basis for
  policies and measures
• Monitor and evaluate policies and measures.

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Indicator

• Signal that reveals progress (or lack thereof)
  towards objectives means of measuring what
  actually happens against what has been planned in
  terms of quantity, quality and timeliness.
  (Results-oriented Monitoring and Evaluation
  Handbook UNDP)

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Basic ideas for gender statistics

• Cross diciplinary thinking
• Visibility
• Gender sensitised statisticianas
• User friendy publications
• Awareness of gender issues

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Article 14

• All variables and characteristics should be
  analysed and presented with sex as a primary and
  overall classification. This, in turn, enables
  all analyses and presentations to be sex
  specifics.
• All statistics on individuals should be
  collected by sex.
• All statistics should reflect gender issues.

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YESTERDAYS APPROACH TODAYS APPROACH

• Statistics on woman Gender Statistics
• For whom?
• Statistics on woman for womans Statistics on
  women and men advocacy all spheres of society
  for all policymakers, planers and
  ordinary people
• What are the problems?
• There are no statistics on woman Statistics do
  not reflect gender issues
• Systematic errors or biases often
  occur in statistics on women and men

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YESTERDAYS APPROACH TODAYS APPROACH

• What needs to be done?
• Statistics have to be collected by sex All
  statistics have to be produced, and statistics
  and indicators and analysed and presented
  by sex have to be calculated, analysed
• presented for women only and reflect gender
  issues in society
• The production of gender statistics
  has to be integrated into the entire
  statistical system for
• Statistics on women have to be
• - collection
• - collected - storages
• - stored in womens databases -
  presentation
• - presented separately
• Whose responsibility is it?
• Womens machinery/organizations Official
  statistical system

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What is gender mainstreaming

• "Mainstreaming a gender perspective is the
  process of assessing the implications for women
  and men of any planned action, including
  legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas
  and at all E.1997.L.O. Para.4. Adopted by ECOSOC
  17/7/97

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Gender mainstreaming in statistics implies

• Gender sensitised user and producer
  of statistics.
• A gender sensitive approach in the whole
• production process of statistics
• and indicators, including presentation of sex
  aggregated data.
• A gender perspective in all traditional
  statistical
• fields as a cross disciplinary
  approach.

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Demand for gender statistics

• Ensure that statistics related to individuals
  are collected, compiled, analysed and presented
  by sex and age, and reflect problems, issues and
  questions related to women and men in the
  society. (Paragraph 206 (a)).

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User friendly presentation

• Ensure the regular production of a statistical
  publication on gender that presents and
  interprets topical data on women and men in a
  form suitable for a wide range of nontechnical
  users. ( 207 (a))

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Problems related to gender statistics

• Underutilization of existing data
• Biased concepts, definitions and measures
• Data gaps
• Poor linkage between users and producer of
  gender statistcs