TI 2251 - Psikologi Industri

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TI 2251 - Psikologi Industri

• Keselamatan Kerja
• Behavior-Based Safety

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Pengantar

• Ruang lingkup permasalahan
• Statistik kecelakaan kerja (AS)
• Dampak finansial 114 milyar dolar
• 3,2 juta karyawan celaka (1993)
• Lebih dari 9000 pekerja meninggal dunia (1993)
• Prediksi
• 3,5 orang/1000 orang akan meninggal dunia karena
  kecelakaan terkait kerja
• Dampak finansial 780.000 USD/kematian.
• Statistik di Indonesia?

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Penyebab Kecelakaan

• Dua kategori utama
• Unsafe conditions
• Unsafe acts
• Faktor teknologi
• Rancangan, pengoperasian, perawatan, dll
• Human factors
• Isu Kenapa kecelakaan terjadi?
• Faktor manusia dapat diperbaiki (untuk mencegah
  kecelakaan)
• Faktor ini dapat berkontribusi secara tidak
  langsung atas unsafe conditions

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Faktor Manusia

• Kecerdasan
• Penglihatan
• Koordinasi
• Kepribadian (personality)
• Kelelahan
• Pengalaman
• Risk acceptance

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Psikologi Kecelakaan

• Konsep accident proneness
• Berdasarkan sejumlah studi
• Kesimpulan - masih kontroversial
• Teori Goals-Freedom-Alertness
• Teori Adjustment-Stress
• Behavior-Based Safety

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Behavior Based Safety

• BBS
• Claimed to be an effective approach to preventing
  occupational injuries
• Issues
• Responsibility on workers
• Potentially abused by managers
• Need for a more systematic approach
• A potential alternative, though warrants further
  studies

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Behavior Based Safety

• Key concepts
• Employee participations
• Understanding why certain (safety) behavior is
  (or is not) practiced
• Can be used as a practical strategies for
• Obtaining objective evidence of at-risk behaviors
• Defining barriers to safe behaviors
• Teaching ways to substitute safe for at-risk
  behaviors
• Holding people accountable to improve safe
  behaviors
• Demonstrate utility of BBS procedures

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Behavior Based Safety

• Basic BBS strategy
• Watch language
• Take advantage of the competence motive
• Make feedback a positive experience
• SMART goals
• Elevate self- and response-efficacy
• Sell outcome-expectancy with personal testimony
• Theory and principles before procedures

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Behavior Based Safety

• BBS strategy
• Use process measures of safety performance
• Look beyond numbers
• Build and maintain momentum

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Conclusion

• Importance of understanding safety at workplaces
• Different potential approaches
• Need to take into account
• Engineering factors
• Human factors
• Behavior as a more recent approach to the
  personal aspects in improving safe acts