The Principles of Teaching and Learning

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The Principles of Teaching and Learning

• Adapted from Newcomb, McCracken, and Warmbrod
• Methods of Teaching Agriculture

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What is a principle

• Webster defines it as
• a comprehensive and fundamental law, doctrine, or
  assumption
• an ingredient that exhibits or imparts a
  characteristic quality.

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Principle One

• When the subject matter to be learned possesses
  meaning, organization, and structure that is
  clear to the students, learning proceeds more
  rapidly and is retained longer.

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Principle Two

• Readiness is a prerequisite for learning.
  Subject matter and learning experiences must be
  provided that begin where the learner is.

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Principle Three

• Students must be motivated to learn. Learning
  activities should be provided that take into
  account the wants, needs, interests, and
  aspirations of the students.

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Principle Four

• Students are motivated through their involvement
  in setting goals and planning learning activities.

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Principle Five

• Success is a strong motivating force.

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Principle Six

• Students are motivated when they attempt tasks
  that fall in a range of challenge such that
  success is perceived to be possible, but not
  certain.

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Principle Seven

• When students have knowledge of their learning
  progress, performance will be superior to what it
  would have been without such knowledge.

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Principle Eight

• Behaviors that are reinforced (rewarded) are
  more likely to be learned.

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Principle Nine

• To be most effective, reward (reinforcement)
  must follow as immediately as possible the
  desired behavior and be clearly connected with
  that behavior by the student.

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Principle Ten

• Directed learning is more effective than
  undirected learning.

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Principle Eleven

• To maximize learning, students should inquire
  into, rather than be instructed in the subject
  matter. Problem-oriented approaches to teaching
  improve learning.

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Principle Twelve

• Students learn what they practice.

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Principle Thirteen

• Supervised practice that is most effective
  occurs in a functional education experience.

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Any additional questionsor comments??