Previously on Bio308

1
Previously on Bio308
Introduction to Bipolar
Disorder
Parts of a neuron
Types of synapses
Parts of a synapse
2
Now on Bio308
Compounds that mediate signaling
Types of responses that occur
Post-synaptic cell receptors
3
Compounds that mediate signaling
Neurotransmitter vs Neuropeptide vs Neurohormone?
Whats a catechol?
Recognize any structures?
4
Compounds that mediate signaling
Catecholamines and Bipolar disorder
Catecholamine theory of affective disorder
Mania and depression caused by change in The
amount of activity at noradrenergic synapses
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Problems
Use of amino acids as neurotransmitters
Use of nucleotides/nucleosides as
neurotransmitters
Use of peptides for paracrine or endocrine
signaling
Why might these things pose problems?
How does the body get around those problems?
6
Ions and the cell
Voltage and membrane potential
Does the type of ion(s) matter?
Concentration gradients and Ex
Where are these ions?
Ca
To cell body
Na
K
Cl-
7
Excitatory vs Inhibitory synapses
What are they?
How do ions play a role in these responses?
What lets the ions in?
8
Types of neurotransmitter receptors
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Types of neurotransmitter receptors
Similarities?
Differences?
10
Receptors
2 types of acetylcholine receptors
same ligand different response
2 types of glutamate receptors
Adapted from fig 21-40
11
Moving On
Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitter
receptors
Soluble
Transmembrane
Synaptic signaling requires protein
receptors and peptide- derived signals How do
you make a protein? How do you get a protein
where it needs to be?
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Questions
Part I soluble neuropeptide From DNA to protein
What is the central dogma? How would a
neuropeptide get made (in general terms)? What
are the basic parts of DNA, RNA, and proteins?
What is the difference between hnRNA, mRNA and
tRNA?