The 14 characterisitics of fascism applied to the USAs policies after 911

1

• The 14 characterisitics of fascism applied to the
  USAs policies after 9/11
• http//www.oldamericancentury.org/14pts.htm

2
Self-censorship in the media
3
Self-censorship is...

• ... a phenomenon of prepublication content
  control under the circumastances of the general
  freedom of expression
• ... a voluntary softening the coverage of certain
  sensitive issues or keeping silence under an
  external pressure

4
Self-censorship appears ...

• ... on society level the media follow the
  instructions of the government of what and how to
  cover
• ... news organisation level journalists are
  advised to avoid stories that can harm the profit
  interests of their company
• ... personal level journalists practice
  self-censorship because of the fear of loosing
  their jobs.

5
Conflicts of interests...

• ... political agression/war, terrorism,
  political campaigns the states, governements,
  politicisans
• ... economic market pressures investors,
  publishers, advertisers etc.
• ... personal fear of potential career damage
  journalists, editors-in-chief, publishers

6
Self-censorship manifests itself as avoidance of
stories that...

• Audience might find
• too complex
• interesting but dull
• 2) News organisation might find
• hurting companys financial interests
• damaging for advertisers
• damaging for the friends of the boss
• 3) Journalists see as
• damaging their careers
• harmful for the relationship with source(s)
• harmful for the relationship with other
  journalists

7
Project Censored

• Since 1976
• Prof. Peter Phillips at Caliornia Sonoma State
  University
• What are the issues that the American mainstream
  media do not cover?
• http//www.projectcensored.org

8
Finland

• Historical background
• Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1939 divided Europe
  into spheres of interest between Nazi Germany and
  Soviet Russia Finland and the Baltic States
  became controlled by the Soviets
• After the WWII, from 1944-1947 the excutive power
  in Finland was in the hands of Allied Control
  Commission
• 1947 the Treaty of Paris peace between Finland
  and the USSR
• 1944-1948 the years of the threat of the Soviet
  takeover
• 1945-1947 pre-publication censorship insituted by
  the Finnish government
• 1948-1992 the Pact of Friendship, Cooperation and
  Mutual Assistance

9
Presidents of Finland 1944-1994

• Carl Gustav Emil Mannerheim 1944-1946
• Juho Paasikivi 1946-1956
• Urho Kaleva Kekkonen 1956-1962-1981
• Mauno Koivisto 1982-1994

10
The aims of the Soviet media policy in Finland

• Preventing criticism of the Soviet Union and its
  satellite countries
• Preventing positive coverage of the USA and other
  NATO member states
• Creating positive image of the USSR and its
  leaders
• Developing positive public opinion about the USSR
• Strengthening the influence of Moscow on the
  domestic policy of Finland

11
Taboos in the Finnish media

• Incorporating Karelia into the USSR
• Occupation of the Baltic States
• The invasion in Afganistan
• Dissidents