BUSINESS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

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BUSINESS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION
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The Evolution to the Information Age
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Information Age Characteristics

• An information society has arisen
• Business depends on information technology to get
  thier work done
• Success in business is largely determined by the
  effectiveness with which information technology
  is used
• Information technology is embaded in many
  products and services.

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Information Age Characteristics(continued)

• Information technology provides the means to
  rethink conventional business process
• Work process is being transformed to increase
  productivity

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Business in the Information Age Pressures

• Global Competition for Market and for Labor
• Need for Real-time Operations
• Information float
• Changing Work Force
• Customer-Oriented Operations
• Technological Innovation and Obsolescence
• Information Overload
• Social Responsibility of Organizations
• Government Regulation and Deregulation
• Ethical Issues

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Business in the Information Age Responses

• Customer Focus and Customer Service
• Continuous Improvement Efforts
• Strategic Systems
• Business Process Reengineering

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Business Process Reengineering

• Rethinking business practices
• Introducing radical changes to benefit both a
  business and its customers
• Focusing on business process.
• Introduced by M. Hammer in 1990.

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Principles of BPR

• Several jobs are combined into one
• Democratization of decision making
• Several jobs get done simultaneously
• Process may have several versions
• Work is shifted across organizational boundaries

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Principles of BPR (continued)

• Close collaboration with business partners
• Controls and checks works are minimized
• A hybrid centralized/decentralized operation is
  used
• A single point of contact

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BPR leads to

• Team-based structure.
• Empowering Employees and Fostering Collaborative
  Work
• Business Alliances
• Electronic Commerce
• .

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Basic Definitions

• Information Technology
• Data
• Information
• Knowledge
• Information System
• Computer-Based Information System

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DATA

• are raw facts or elementary descriptions.
• Data are not organized facts !!!
• Examples Postal code, street name, street
  number, air temperature, etc .

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Types of Data
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Information

• Is a collection of facts (data) organized in some
  way to be meaningful to a user
• Example street number, name, city name, postal
  code provide us with the following address
• 555 Pharmacy ave., Toronto, M1L 3G1

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Knowledge

• Consists of information that has been processed
  and organized to carry understanding and
  experience

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Quality of Information

• Accurate,
• Complete
• Flexible,
• Reliable,
• Relevant,

• Timely,
• Verifiable
• Accessible,
• Secure

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Information System (IS)

• IS collects, processes, stores, analyzes and
  disseminates information for a specific purpose
• Examples Library Catalog,
• York Enrollment System (YES)

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Information System Scheme
Feedback
Input
Processing
Output
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What is a Computer-Based Information System?

• A computer-based information system (CBIS) is an
  information system that uses computer and often
  telecommunications technology to perform some or
  all of its intended tasks.
• Basic components of information systems are
• Hardware ?Software
• Database ? Network
• Procedures ? People

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Components of Computer-based Information System
PEOPLE
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Computer Hardware

• The physical equipment used for the input,
  processing, output, and storage activities of a
  computer system
• Central processing unit (CPU) or processor
• Memory (primary and secondary storage)
• Input technologies
• Output technologies

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Capabilities of Information Systems

• Provide Fast and Accurate Transaction
• Provide Large Capacity, Fast Access Storage
• Provide Fast Communications (machine to machine,
  human to human)
• Reduce Information Overload
• Span Boundaries
• Provide Support for Decision Making

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General Technological Trends for IT

• Constantly improving cost-performance ratio
• Storage, memory, and data warehousing
• Graphical, user-friendly, intelligent systems and
  interfaces
• Client server n-tier architecture
• Enterprisewide computing

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General Technological Trends for IT (continued)

• Internet technology Intranets and Extranets
• Data mining
• Object-oriented environment
• Portable computing and wireless communications
• Electronic Commerce.