UKOLN is supported by:

1
The Tools of our Trade AACR2/RDA and MARC Ann
Chapman Policy Advice Team
UKOLN is supported by
2
What are our Tools?

• AACR/RDA content standard for resource
  description and access
• MARC communication and exchange format
  providing a structure for encoding the content of
  bibliographic and authority data
• Related to
• ISBD rules that organise the bibliographic
  description of an item in a catalogue
• FRBR a entity-relational model of the data
  required to find, identify, select and obtain
  resources

3
ISBDs

• International Standard Bibliographic Descriptions
• Developed 1969 onwards by IFLA
• Defined seven areas of description and their
  order
• Title
• Statement of Responsibility
• Edition
• Resource specific information
• Publication details
• Physical description
• Series information
• Notes and standard identifiers

4
FRBR

• Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records
• IFLA study 1998
• Entity-relationship model that defines
• Tasks find, identify, select, obtain
• Resource relationshipswork, expression,
  manifestation, item
• Entities people, corporate bodies
• Entities concepts, objects, events, places

5
AACR

• Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules
• A content standard for bibliographic description
  and access
• Bibliographic not just books
• Key principles
• One principle entry per resource
• Catalogue from item in hand
• Chief source of information

6
AACR timeline

• 1967 UK and US editions
• 1978 2nd unified edition, consistent with ISBDs
• 1997 Toronto conference on AACR2
• 1998 FRBR
• 2005 RDA instead of AACR3
• 2008 RDA launch (provisional)

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AACR 2

• Part 1 Description
• Chapter 1 General rules
• Chapters 2 -12 Resource type - specific rules
• Chapter 13 Analytic entries
• Part 2 Headings, Uniform Titles, References
• Chapter 21 Choice of access points
• Chapters 22 26 Construction of access points
• Appendices
• A Capitalisation, B Abbreviations, C
  Numerals,D Glossary, E Initial articles

8
Whats wrong with AACR?

• Increasingly complex
• Lack of logical structure
• Mixing content and carrier data
• Seriality and hierarchical relationships
• Anglo-American centric viewpoint
• Written before FRBR
• Not enough support for collocation
• Unclear relationship with MARC Format

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RDA The Aims

• Rules should be easy to use and interpret
• Be applicable to an online, networked environment
• Provide effective bibliographic control for all
  types of media
• Encourage use beyond the library community
• Be compatible with other similar standards
• Have a logical structure based on internationally
  agreed principles
• Separate content and carrier data
• Contain more more suitably chosen examples

10
How is RDA being developed?

• Joint Steering Committee (JSC)
• ACOC, ALA, BL, CCC, CILIP, LC
• Editor Tom Delsey
• Task focused working groups
• GMD/SMD, Examples
• Draft responses revised drafts
  responses/acceptance
• Final product the publishers

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RDA Timelime

• 2005
• Prospectus issued
• Draft of Part A, chapters 1,2,4,5
• Content and carrier studies
• 2006
• Drafts of chapters 3, 6, 7
• 2007
• Finalise Part A
• Part B Access point control
• Appendices and glossary
• 2008
• Initial release (summer, IFLA conference?)

12
RDA Structure - 1

• Part A Description
• Ch. 1 General guidelines
• Ch. 2 Identification of the resource
• Ch. 3 Technical description
• Ch. 4 Content description
• Ch. 5 Terms of availability, etc.
• Ch. 6 Persons, families and corporate bodies
  associated with a resource
• Ch. 7 Related resources

13
RDA Structure 2

• Part B Access point control
• Appendices
• Capitalisation
• Abbreviation
• Numbers
• Initial articles
• Display standards ISBDs
• Glossary

14
RDA What will it be?

• An online resource, potentially
• Complete text
• Concise text
• Tailored texts (law, medical, etc.)
• Training material
• Incorporated into LMS cataloguing modules
• Loose-leaf print version(s)

15
RDA and beyond

• RDA aims to be
• Independent of communication formats
• UNIMARC, MARC, MARCXML, MODS/MADS
• DC, EAD, ISBD, VRA, MPEG7
• Compatible / better aligned with other similar
  standards
• Archives ISAD(G)
• Museums Cataloging Cultural Objects

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RDA and MARC

• Mapping RDA and MARC 21
• Report issued in Nov. 2006 and discussed at MARBI
  Midwinter 2007
• How will RDA impact on MARC 21?
• Are new fields or subfields needed?
• How will MARC 21 impact on RDA?
• Data provisions in MARC 21 not covered in current
  draft of RDA

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MARC 1960s

• Library of Congress project
• Database of catalogue records
• Production of catalogue cards
• US UK versions
• Reflected differing cataloguing practices
• Developed in parallel but not identical ways

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MARC 1970s

• Variant formats developed
• Based on either US or UK formats (AUSMARC,
  DANMARC, KORMARC, etc.)
• USMARC developed 8 material formats (Books,
  Serials, Maps, etc.)
• UNIMARC developed in 1977 by IFLA
• Intended as exchange format
• Used as the Bib format in some countries (e.g.
  France)

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MARC Recent changes

• Expansion of USMARC to a family of formats
• Bibliographic, Holdings, Authority,
  Classification, Community Information
• Integration of USMARC bibliographic format
• Previous 8 formats integrated
• Widespread adoption of MARC 21
• Some countries simply adopt USMARC
• 1997 USMARC CANMARC become MARC 21
• 2003/4 MARC 21 enhanced by UK proposals
  British Library adopts MARC 21
• 2006/7 Germany considering move from MAB to
  MARC 21

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MARC Structure

• Leader
• 0xx control numbers, coded data
• 1xx primary access point
• 2xx description, GMD, edition, publication
• 3xx physical description
• 4xx series
• 5xx notes
• 6xx subject access points
• 7xx additional access points
• 8xx series added entries
• 9xx local fields

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Maintaining MARC 21

• Twice yearly MARBI meetings
• Discussion papers
• Proposals
• UK and MARC 21
• BIC Bibliographic Standards Group
• lis-ukbibs_at_jiscmail.ac.uk

22
MARC and XML

• MARC has alpha-numeric 3-digit tags
• 100.1 Personal Name
• 245 a Title b Subtitle
• XML has element labels
• ltnamePersonIndirectOrdergt
• lttitlegt lttitleSubtitlegt lttitleCoverTitlegt

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Looking into the crystal ball

• FRBR
• Potential influence on cataloguing systems
• Authority records, uniform titles, work records
• OPACs
• Multiple interfaces for different audiences
• Enhance for accessibility - supports all users
• Links (actual resources, restrictions, supporting
  or associated resources)
• RDA
• Used outside the library domain

24
Contact details

• Ann Chapman
• a.d.chapman_at_ukoln.ac.uk
• http//www.ukoln.ac.uk/bib-man/