Racial

1
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Racial group a category of people who have been
  singled out, by others or themselves, as inferior
  or superior, on the basis of subjectively
  selected physical characteristics such as skin
  color, hair texture and eye shape.

2
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Ethnic group a category of people who are
  distinguished, by others or themselves, as
  inferior or superior primarily based on the basis
  of cultural or nationality characteristics.

3
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Ethnic groups share these characteristics
• 1) unique cultural traits
• 2) a sense of community
• 3) a feeling that ones own group is best
• 4) membership from birth
• 5) a tendency, at least initially, to occupy
• a distinct geographic area

4
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• One drop rule a person with a trace of African
  blood was considered black
• 1/16 African black
• Eyeball test a person was judged to be black by
  physical features
• Paper bag test compared skin color to the
  grocery bag

5
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Government classification is simple
• White or Nonwhite
• 2000 Census allowed people to self-identify in
  more than one category if they desired

6
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Dominant group is one that is advantaged and has
  superior resources and rights in society
• Subordinate group is one whose members, because
  of physical or cultural characteristics, are
  disadvantaged subjected to unequal treatment by
  the majority group regard themselves as objects
  of collective discrimination

7
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• White skin privilege people who trace their
  ancestry to Northern Europe think of themselves
  as European Americans or WASPs.
• (Most white Americans are unaware of the
  benefits that they derive from white skin
  privilege.)

8
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Racism is a set of attitudes, beliefs practices
  used to justify the superior treatment of one
  racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment
  of another racial or ethnic group
• White racism refers to socially organized
  attitudes, ideas practices that deny people of
  color the same advantages as Whites

9
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Prejudice is a negative attitude based on faulty
  generalizations about members of selected racial
  and ethnic groups
• Ethnocentrism is the assumption that ones own
  group way of life are superior to all others
• Stereotypes are overgeneralizations about all
  members of a group

10
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Individual discrimination consists of one-on-one
  acts by members of the dominant group that harm
  members of the subordinate group or their
  property
• Institutional discrimination consists of the
  day-to-day practices of organizations and
  institutions that have a harmful impact on
  members of subordinate groups

11
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Anti-Semitism prejudice and discriminatory
  behavior aimed at Jews

12
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Social-psychological perspectives
• Frustration-aggression hypothesis individuals
  who are frustrated in their efforts to achieve a
  highly desired goal tend to develop a pattern of
  aggression toward others

13
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Social-psychological perspectives
• Authoritarian personalities are likely to be
  highly prejudiced. These people are conforming,
  submissive to authority, superstitious, and have
  rigid stereotypic thinking. They view the
  world as threatening and are highly intolerant of
  those not like themselves

14
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
• Racial socialization is a process of social
  interaction that contain specific messages and
  practices concerning ones racial status relating
  to 1) person group identity, 2) intergroup
  interindividual relationships, and 3) ones
  position in the social stratification system

15
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Functionalist perspective
• Assimilation group members of subordinate
  groups become assimilated into the dominant
  culture. This is also know as amalgamation or
  the melting pot model where cultural attributes
  are blended together to form a new society
  incorporating unique contributions of each group

16
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Functionalist perspective
• Anglo-conformity model a pattern of
  assimilation whereby members of the subordinate
  group are expected to conform to the culture of
  the dominant (Anglo-Saxon) population

17
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Functionalist perspective
• Ethnic pluralism is the coexistence of diverse
  racial-ethnic groups with separate identities and
  cultures within a society
• When high levels of racial segregation are
  followed by interracial contact, racial
  competition ensues leading to increased ethnic
  racial unrest and urban rioting

18
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Conflict perspectives
• Class perspectives highlight the role of the
  capitalist class in racial exploitation
• Split-labor market theory dominant group gets
  higher pay and more security. The subordinate
  group obtain lower pay jobs, little job security
  and involve hazardous working conditions

19
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Conflict perspectives
• Gendered racism links racism sexism and
  offers the most exploitation
• Internal colonialism a process that forces a
  racial-ethnic group to be under the economic
  political control of the dominant group

20
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Conflict perspective
• Theory of racial formation the government
  substantially defines racial ethnic relations

21
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Native Americans
• Europeans depicted NA as subhuman savages and
  murdered hundred of thousands NA
• Indian Removal Act of 1830
• Forced into an extensive white Americanization
  process

22
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Native Americans
• Most disadvantaged group in America
• Highest unemployment drop out rate
• Average income 32,116 (42,228
  is the national average)
• Life expectancy is 55 men, 48 women
• Infant mortality suicide is higher

23
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• African Americans
• Slavery in America started in 1619
• 1863 ended slavery but segregation continued.
  Those who did not stay in their place were
  lynched
• WWII presidential order prohibited racial
  discrimination in federal jobs

24
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• African Americans
• Civil Rights Acts of 1964 1965 officially ended
  discrimination but cultural discrimination
  continued
• Residential discrimination is common AAs
  live in neighborhoods that are 33 white whites
  live in neighborhoods that are only 7 AA

25
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Latinos
• 2/3 are of Mexican descent (12.5 of pop) Next
  largest are of Caribbean descent
• Often are characterized as either rich drug lords
  or illegal aliens

26
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Latinos
• The Mexican-American War made the southwest and
  Texas part of the US. Mexicans living there were
  awarded US citizenship however, most of their
  land was taken from them

27
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Latinos
• The fastest growing minority group in America
• The Latino population is expected to double by
  the year 2020
• Unemployment is double that of whites
• 20 live in poverty

28
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Asian Pacific Americans
• Have been stereotyped as the model minority
• Chinese immigrants came to the US between 1850
  1880, built the transcontinental railroad
• Japanese Americans were put into concentration
  camps during WWII

29
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Asian Pacific Americans
• Four decades later JAs were awarded 20K for each
  detainee
• 1902, after Spanish-American war, Filipinos were
  americanized and many came to the US

30
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Asian Pacific Americans
• Recent Asian immigrants are more likely to live
  in poverty than the previous generation of AIs
• 9 out of 10 males 8 out of 10 females have at
  least a HS education
• 44 have at least a bachelors degree
• Most income is higher than whites

31
Racial Ethnic Inequality

• Commonalities
• Each has been the object of negative stereotypes
  discrimination
• Each has resisted oppression continued to
  strive for a better life
• Each has been the object of some govt policy that
  has restricted their activities