Standards

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Standards

• Presentation to Council
• 29 January 2008

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Content

• Standardisation and GI
• International standards
• European standards
• British standards
• INSPIRE and standards

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• 1. Standardisation GI

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Standardisation

• Activity of establishing, with regard to actual
  or potential problems, provisions for common and
  repeated use, aimed at the achievement of the
  optimum degree of order in a given context.
• BSi

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Types of standards

• By function
• Specification -requirements to be satisfied by
  product, material or process
  
• Method - formalised way of doing something
• Codes of practice - good, accepted practice
• Guidance
• Glossaries
• By origin
• De facto
• De jure
• Proprietary

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What should a standard be?

• Wanted
• Usable
• Used
• Impartial
• Beneficial
• Up-to-date
• Have wide application

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Standards only become binding

• If made mandatory in law
• If a party contracted to work to them
• If claim of conformance to it is made

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How standards are produced
Industry or user community
Consensual process
For de jure standards only. The process varies be
tween different bodies
Adopt standard
Identify need for standard
Nominate members
Receive feedback Keep under review after p
ublication
Comment and response
Standards body
Technical committee
Publish Standard
Agree to issue as Standard
Consult with wider community
Adopt draft standard
Produce draft standard
Submit Work Item Proposal
Form working group
Iterate
Iterate
Iterate
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Scope of standardisation for GI
Reference models Modelling languages Terminology

Conformance and testing
Standardisation
Georeferencing
Web services Location based services Positioning
services
Data transfer
Data Access
Data content
Users
Models (schemas) Data specifications Feature cat
aloguing
Quality Metadata
Referencing by coords Geodetic codes and paramete
rs
Geographic identifiers Gazetteers
Qualifications Certification
Education
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Who is involved in GI standards?
Local Govt
Local Govt
Users
Local Govt
INSPIRE
CEN
Local Govt
ISO
Military
National Standards bodies
National Standards bodies
Governments
National Standards bodies
Governments
Data producers
National Standards bodies
Governments
Dublin Core
National Standards body
Central Govt
Vendors
OGC
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And the UK context?
Users
INSPIRE
IDeA
CEN TC/287
ISO TC/211
Military
BSi IST/36
Central Govt
Data producers
Dublin Core
Vendors
OGC
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2. International standards
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ISO and OGC

• ISO International Organization for
  Standardisation
  
• ISO TC/211 Technical Committee for Geographic
  Information/ Geomatics
  
• OGC Open Geospatial Consortium Inc

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Work of ISO/TC 211

• Standardizing in the field of digital geographic
  information.
  
• Establishing a structured set of standards for
  information concerning objects or phenomena that
  are directly or indirectly associated with a
  location relative to the Earth.
• Specifying methods, tools and services for
• data management (including definition and
  description),
  
• data acquisition, processing and analysis
• accessing, presenting and transferring data in
  digital form between different users, systems and
  locations.
  
• Linking to appropriate standards for information
  technology and data where possible
  
• Providing a framework for the development of
  sector-specific applications using geographic
  data.

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Aim of ISO/TC 211...

• Develop a family of international standards to
• support the understanding and usage of GI
• increase the availability, access, integration,
  and sharing of geographic information,
  
• enable inter-operability of geospatially enabled
  computer systems
  
• contribute to a unified approach to addressing
  global ecological and humanitarian problems
  
• ease the establishment of geospatial
  infrastructures on local, regional and global
  level
  
• contribute to sustainable development

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Open Geospatial Consortium

• International industry consortium of 340
  companies, government agencies and universities.
  
  
• Consensus process to develop publicly available
  interface specifications.
  
• Specifications support interoperable solutions
  that "geo-enable" the Web, wireless and
  location-based services, and mainstream IT.
  
• Specifications enable technology developers to
  make spatial information and services accessible
  and useful with many types of applications.
  

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OGC approach

• Organise interoperability projects
• Work towards consensus
• Formalise OGC specifications
• Develop strategic business opportunities
• Develop strategic partnerships
• Promote demand for interoperable products

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Relationship ISO/TC 211 and OGC

• Cooperative agreement between ISO/TC 211 and OGC
• Common objectives
• Complementary work programmes
• Sharing resources
• Avoidance of inconsistent standards

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ISO/TC 211 standards (1)
For the latest information look on the ISO/TC 211
website http//www.isotc211.org

• ISO 67091983 - Standard representation of
  latitude, longitude and altitude for geographic
  point locations
  
• ISO 6709 - Revision
• ISO 19101 - Reference model
• ISO 19101-2 Reference Model Part 2 Imagery
• ISO/TS 19103 - Conceptual schema language
• ISO 19104 - Terminology
• ISO 19105 - Conformance and testing
• ISO 19106 - Profiles
• ISO 19107 - Spatial schema
• ISO 19108 - Temporal schema
• ISO 19109 - Rules for application schema
• ISO 19110 - Feature cataloguing methodology
• ISO 19110 - Amendment

• ISO 19111 - Spatial referencing by coordinates
• ISO 19111 - Revision
• ISO 19112 - Spatial referencing by geographic
  identifiers
  
• ISO 19113 - Quality principles
• ISO 19114 - Quality evaluation procedures
• ISO 19115 Metadata
• ISO 19115-2 Metadata Part 2 Extensions for
  imagery and gridded data
  
• ISO 19116 - Positioning services
• ISO 19117 Portrayal
• ISO 19118 Encoding
• ISO 19118 - Revision
• ISO 19119 Services
• ISO 19119 - Amendment
• ISO/TR 19120 - Functional standards
• ISO/TR 19121 - Imagery and gridded data

Italics not published
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ISO/TC 211 standards (2)

• ISO/TR 19122 - Qualifications and certification
  of personnel
  
• ISO 19123 - Schema for coverage geometry and
  functions
  
• ISO/RS 19124 - Imagery and gridded data
  components
  
• ISO 19125 - Simple feature access
• ISO 19126 Feature concepts dictionaries and
  registers
  
• ISO 19127 - Geodetic codes and parameters
• ISO 19128 - Web Map Server Interface
• ISO 19129 - Imagery, gridded and coverage data
  framework
  
• ISO 19130 - Sensor and data model for imagery and
  gridded data
  
• ISO 19131 - Data product specification
• ISO 19132 - Location based services reference
  model
  
• ISO 19133 - Location based services tracking and
  navigation
  
• ISO 19134 - Multimodal location based services
  for routing and navigation

• ISO 19135 - Procedures for item registration
• ISO 19136 - Geography Markup Language (GML)
• ISO 19137 - Generally used profiles of the
  spatial schema and of similar important other
  schemas
  
• ISO 19138 - Data quality measures
• ISO 19139 - Metadata XML schema implementation
  specification
  
• ISO 19141 - Schema for moving features
• ISO 19142 - Web Feature Service
• ISO 19143 - Filter encoding
• ISO 19144 - Classification Systems
• ISO 19145 -Registry of representations of
  geographic point location
  
• ISO 19146 -Cross-domain vocabularies
• ISO 19147 - Location Based Services - Transfer
  Nodes
  
• ISO 19148 -Location Based Services - Linear
  Referencing System
  

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3. European standards
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CEN/TC 287

• Technical Committee of CEN (European Committee
  for Standardisation) for geographic information.
  
  
• NEN, the Dutch standards body runs the
  Secretariat
  
• The committee are
• Producing a framework of standards for GI in
  Europe
  
• Working with ISO/TC 211 to avoid duplication
• Aim is
• To support the consistent use of GI Europe
• Ensure compatibility with international usage.
• Support spatial data infrastructure (SDI)

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CEN/TC 287 work programme

• Adopt the ISO 19XXX standards as European
  standards
  
• 22 published to date
• Standards and profiles for European SDI
• Identification of standards
• Guidelines for implementers of SDI
• Conformance testing and registers for SDI
• Particular areas of interest
• Web Map Service (WMS)
• Metadata profile of ISO 19115
• GI metadata catalogue service
• e-Government

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CEN/TC 287 and ISO/TC 211

• Maintain close liaison
• Vienna Agreement CEN and ISO aims
• Optimal use of resources
• Information exchange
• Transparency of work in CEN and ISO
• Provides for cooperation by
• Correspondence and exchange of information
• Mutual representation at meetings
• Parallel approval of standards at international
  and European levels.
  

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4. British standards
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Current British Standards in scope
Standardisation
Georeferencing
Data Access
Data content
Users
UK GEMINI (Metadata standard profile of ISO 191
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Spatial datasets for geographical referencing
BS 7666
Education
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Overall purpose of BS 7666

• Identifying and defining geographic objects in
  scope
  
• Standardising ways of sharing and accessing
  information about the geographic objects
  
• Standardising ways of addressing objects
• Aiding the creation of local gazetteers
• Enabling the creation of national gazetteers

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Structure of revised standard
ISO 19112 Geographic information spatial refere
ncing
by geographic identifiers
BS 7666 - 0 Spatial datasets for geographical r
eferencing
Part 0 - General model
BS 7666-1 Specification for a street gazettee
r

BS 7666-2 Specification for a land property

gazetteer
BS 7666-5 Specification for a gazetteer of
delivery points
Annex PROWs
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5. INSPIRE and standards
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INSPIRE and ISO standards

• Directive highlights role of international
  standards
  
• INSPIRE Drafting Team used standards-based
  approach
  
• Based on the ISO 19100 series because
• Derived through a consensus process with a large
  number of information communities
  
• Sufficiently complete and mature to be used e.g.
  as framework for the development of data
  specifications
  
• Other SDI approaches recommend or use the ISO
  19100 series of International Standards as the
  foundation for developing data specifications
  
• There is no comparable European set of standards

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Standards cited in the INSPIRE General Conceptual
Model (GCM)
1 to be published, currently in FDIS stage
2 to be published, currently in CD stage
3 to be published, currently in FDIS stage
4 to be published, currently in DIS stage
5 to be published, sent to ISO Central
Secretariat for publication

• EN ISO 191012005, Geographic information
  Reference model
  
• ISO/TS 191032005, Geographic Information
  Conceptual schema language
  
• EN ISO 191072005, Geographic information
  Spatial schema
  
• EN ISO 191082005, Geographic information
  Temporal schema
  
• EN ISO 191092006, Geographic Information Rules
  for application schemas
  
• EN ISO 191102006, Geographic information
  Methodology for feature cataloguing
  
• ISO 191112007, Geographic Information Spatial
  referencing by coordinates
  
• EN ISO 191122005, Geographic information
  Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers
  
• EN ISO 191152005, Geographic information
  Metadata
  
• ISO 191232003, Geographic information Schema
  for coverage geometry and functions
  
• OGC 06-103r3, Implementation Specification for
  Geographic Information - Simple feature access -
  Part 1 Common Architecture v1.2.0
  
• NOTE This is an updated version of "EN ISO
  19125-12006, Geographic information Simple
  feature access Part 1 Common architecture"
  which should be revised accordingly.
• ISO 19126--2, Geographic Information Feature
  concept dictionary and registers
  
• ISO 191312007, Geographic Information Data
  Product Specification
  
• ISO 191352005, Geographic information
  Procedures for item registration
  
• ISO 191362007, Geographic Information
  Geography Markup Language
  
• ISO/TS 191392009, Geographic Information
  Metadata XML Schema implementation
  
• ISO/IEC 195012005, Information technology Open
  Distributed Processing Unified Modelling
  Language (UML) Version 1.4.2
  

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Summary - Standards Committee

• Official BSI committee
• Approve British Standards
• Formal UK input to ISO/TC 211, CEN/TC 287
• Input to INSPIRE through AGI
• Guidelines for implementation