Air Quality Program

1
Air Quality Program

• GMAP Review
• October 26, 2005

2
Cleaning the Air

• Measure
• Number of non-attainment areas re-designated to
  attainment with federal air quality standards.
• Goal
• Prevent Unhealthy Air and Violations of Air
  Quality Standards

• Place Chart B here.

• Place Chart A here.

• Re-designation means area meets federal
  standards and plans are in place to prevent
  backsliding.
• Next Steps
• Assure Maintenance Strategies keep air clean.
• Characterize air-sheds across
• the state.

3
What does air pollution do to us?

• Air pollution pollutes us
• Air pollution pollutes water and land and the
  food we eat
• While the air is cleaner today, significant risk
  remains

4
What does air pollution do to us?

• Air Pollution causes/contributes to disease and
  worsens diseases for those who have them
• Cardiovascular Diseases
• - Arrhythmias, heart attacks, atherosclerosis
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
• - Asthma, Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis
• Cancers
• - Lung, bladder, leukemia, liver
• Health impacts include hospitalization,
  physician costs, increased medicine use, lost
  work days, etc.

5
What does air pollution do to us?

• Exposure
• Because small particles and gases penetrate
  indoors, those close to sources are exposed 24/7
• Alternative water or food can be recommended when
  these are contaminated YOU MUST BREATHE THE
  AIR!

6

What sources contribute to the health risk?
Program Air Toxics Report - Draft Report
completed 9/05 - Identifies top Air Toxics in WA
and their sources. - Links Air Toxics with
carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health effects.
Contribution to Cancer Risk by Source of
Pollution
Air Pollution-Associated Cancer Risk
All Other
Formaldehyde

• Leading Culprits
• Diesel Particulate Matter
• Benzene
• Formaldehyde
• Acrolein

Benzene
Diesel Particulate Matter
7

What sources contribute to the health risk?
Total Diesel Emissions (Tons)

• Measure Trends in Diesel Emissions
• Goal Reduce Risk from Toxic Air Pollutants
• Source Program Emission Inventory

• Comprehensive Diesel Strategy
• School Bus retrofit
• Public Equipment retrofit
• Electrification pilots and Anti-idling campaigns
• Emission Check on diesel vehicles
• Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel
• Private sector retrofits and upgrades

Diesel Emission Sources
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Toxic Emissions from Diesel Vehicles (tons)
Human Hair
PM10
PM 2.5
Toxics from Mobile Sources
Toxic Emissions from Gasoline Vehicles (tons)
9

Where/how are the health risks distributed?

• Ultra-Fine Particulate Matter - Toxics
• Suspended in air
• Highest Concentrations within 100-200 meters of
  roadway
• Increased exposure and health risk for people
  within those boundaries
• Source Zhu et al 2002

• - Proximity to roadways, rail lines and yards,
  ship traffic and ports, all increase risk and
  exposure.
• Economics/convenience drive some populations and
  facilities into these areas.
• Air Quality should be considered when siting
  certain facilities schools, day care centers,
  public housing, convalescent care, etc.

Clean Air Task Force - 1999
10
Health Costs of Motor Vehicle Pollution in
Washington

• Diesel Soot (Particulate Matter)
• Health end points death, lung diseases, heart
  diseases, cancers
• Health Cost Range 105 Million - 1.6 Billion
  Annually
• Gasoline
• Health end points death, lung diseases, heart
  diseases, cancers
• Health Cost Range Under development

11
Whats next?
Performance Measurement Levels of Certainty
Air Emissions
Health Effects
Specific Exposure/Risk
Attributable Health Costs
Pollutant(s) Volume(s) Location(s)
Disease(s) At Risk Population(s)
Attributable Cases Confidence Levels Ranges of
Certainty
Attributable share of Direct Health
Costs Indirect Health Costs Expressed in Range of

12
Whats next?

• Air Quality Health
• Continue Clean Air Strategies
• Focus on mobile sources
• Communicate
• Health, exposure, risk messages
• Health costs of air pollution
• What people can do
• Partner with Others
• DOH, Local Govt (land use), DOT, Research
  Institutions

• Performance Measures
• Focus Emissions Data
• Specific pollutants of concern
• Model for locations and dispersion patterns
• Partner with DOH
• Epidemiology to help determine disease data and
  populations at risk
• Economic Impacts
• Use others research on cost factors correlated
  to Washington emission and population data

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• End