REFORM MOVEMENTS

1
REFORM MOVEMENTS

• ORGANIZATIONS INTENDED TO MAKE THINGS BETTER

2
Woman Suffrage Equal Rights

• PROBLEM
• WOMEN DID NOT HAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE
• IMPROVEMENTS WERE NEEDED IN THE SCHOOL SYSTEM,
  PUBLIC HEALTH, CARE FOR DEPENDENT DELINQUENT
  CHILDREN, SAFETY IN COMMUNITIES PROTECTION FOR
  WORKING WOMEN
• CORRUPT INEFFICIENT GOVERNMENTS
• WOMEN WANTED TO SERVE ON JURIES AND HOLD
  POLITICAL OFFICE

3
Woman Suffrage Equal Rights

• POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
•  CONVENTIONS TO BRING ABOUT PUBLIC AWARENESS
• ENFRANCHISEMENT OF WOMEN 
• SPONSOR LECTURES, DISRTRIBUTE PAMPHLETS, SUPPORT
  PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES IN BEHALF OF THE WAR
  EFFORT DURING WORLD WAR I TO GAIN SUPPORT.

4
Woman Suffrage Equal Rights

• RESULT
• NINETEENTH AMENDMENT TO THE UNITED STATES
  CONSTITUTION WAS PASSED
•  
• TEXAS EQUAL SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION, TEXAS EQUAL
  RIGHTS ASSOCIATION, TEXAS CONGRESS OF PARENTS AND
  TEACHERS, TEXAS FEDERATION OF WOMENS CLUBS WERE
  ESTABLISHED
•  
• IMPROVEMENTS IN CHILD WELFARE, CHILD LABOR
  LEGISLATION WAS PASSED, IMPROVEMENTS IN MATERNAL
  AND CHILD HEALTHCARE, TEACHER CERTIFICATION,
  FUNDING FOR WOMENS SCHOLARSHIPS AND WOMENS
  DORMITORIES AT UNIVERSITIES, TRAVELING LIBRARIES
  AND PERMANENT LIBRARIES, TEXAS HISTORY BECAME A
  REQUIRED SUBJECT IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS, BETTER
  TREATMENT FOR THE CRIMINALLY INSANE, FOSTER HOMES
  FOR CHILDREN WERE ESTABLISHED, MARRIED WOMENS
  PROPERTY RIGHTS WERE PROTECTED, JURY SERVICE FOR
  WOMEN, AND HISTORICAL PRESERVATION OF THE ALAMO,
  SAM HOUSTONS HOME AND THE GOVERNORS MANSION.

5
Woman Suffrage Equal Rights

• NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS
•  ANNETTE FINNIGAN
•  DR. GRACE DANFORTH
•  REBECCA HENRY HAYES
•  MRS. ANNA PENNYBACKER
•  KATE STURM McCALL ROTAN

6
Prohibition

• PROBLEM
•  
• LIQUOR PROMOTED
• CRIME
• POVERTY
• IMMORALITY
• NEGLECT AND ABUSE OF FAMILY MEMBERS

7
Prohibition

• POSSIBLE SOLUTION
•  
• TOTAL ABSTINENCE FROM ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
• PUT LIQUOR DEALERS OUT OF BUSINESS
• ALCOHOL EDUCATION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS

8
Prohibition

• RESULT
• WOMANS CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION TEXAS
  ANTI-SALOON LEAGUE WERE ESTABLISHED
• EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT TO THE U.S. CONSTITUTION WAS
  PASSED A STATE PROHIBITION AMENDMENT WAS PASSED
  
• INCREASE OF DRY COUNTIES

9
Prohibition

• NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS
•  FRANCES WILLARD
•  ARTHUR J. BARTON
•  BENJAMIN FRANKLIN RILEY
•  HELEN M. STODDARD
•  THOMAS HENRY BALL
•  CHARLES H. JENKINS

10
Prison Reform

• PROBLEM
• NO PRISONER REHABILITATION
• CONVICT LEASE SYSTEM
• NO EDUCATIONAL OR INDUSTRIAL TRAINING PROGRAMS 
• NO RECREATIONAL PROGRAMS 
• POOR MEDICAL CARE POOR NUTRITION 
• POOR FACILITIES-EXPOSURE TO FLOODING DISEASE 
• OVERCROWDING JUVENILES ADULTS INCARCERATED
  TOGETHER

11
Prison Reform

• POSSIBLE SOLUTION 
• REPLACE CURRENT MANAGERS/ ADMINISTRATORS 
• BUILD MORE PRISON FACILITIES 
• STATE NO LONGER CONTROLS THE PRISON SYSTEM-LEASE
  THE SYSTEM TO A PRIVATE COMPANY
• TO OPERATE AND RUN THE PRISON FACILITIES 
• BUILD JUVENILE FACILITIES

12
Prison Reform

• RESULT
• THE TEXAS COMMITTEE ON PRISONS PRISON LABOR
  CONDUCTED A SURVEY OF THE PRISONS 
• PRISON LEASE SYSTEM CONVICT LEASE SYSTEM WAS
  ABOLISHED 
• NEW NINE-MEMBER BOARD OF DIRECTORS-TEXAS PRISON
  BOARD WAS ESTABLISHED 
• EXPANDED EDUCATIONAL RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES
  IMPROVED NUTRITION IMPROVED FACILITIES 
• BOYS REFORMATORIES WERE CREATED

13
Prison Reform

• NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS
• MINNIE F. CUNNINGHAM 
• RABBI HENRY COHEN 
• MARY E. BRACKENRIDGE 
• ELIZABETH SPEER 
• JANE Y. McCALLUM 
• CHARLES S. POTTS 
• GEORGE W. BRIGGS 
• DR. A. C. SCOTT

14
NAACP

• PROBLEM 
• PHYSICAL AND VERBAL ABUSES AGAINST
  AFRICAN-AMERICANS 
• REVIVAL OF THE KKK 
• RACIAL SEGREGATION IN ALL ASPECTS OF LIFE 
• RESTRICTIVE VOTER REGISTRATION LAWS, POLL TAX AND
  WHITE PRIMARIES

15
NAACP

• POSSIBLE SOLUTION 
• PRESS FOR RACIAL EQUALITY THROUGH LITIGATION 
• PROVIDE LEGAL ASSISTANCE AND FUNDING 
• NATIONAL PUBLIC AWARENESS 
• PURSUE RIGHTS THROUGH CIVIC, POLITICAL,
  RELIGIOUS, BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL GROUPS

16
NAACP

• RESULT
• INCREASED INVOVEMENT IN THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
  FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE AND THE
  TEXAS ASSOCIATION OF COLORED WOMENS CLUBS 
• ESTABLISHMENT OF STATE HOMES AND TRAINING SCHOOLS
  FOR DELINQUENT AFRICAN-AMERICAN GIRLS 
• SEVERAL LAW SUITS WERE WON IN FAVOR OF THE
  AFRICAN-AMERICAN IN THE UNITED STATES SUPREME
  COURT 
• AFRICAN-AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS AND CHURCH GROUPS
  DENOUNCED SEGREGATION AND WHITE OPPRESSION

17
NAACP

• NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS 
• J. A. GRUMBLES 
• ANTONIO MACEO SMITH 
• ADA BELL DeMENT 
• GEORGE WRIGHT CUNEY

18
Brotherhood of Timber Workers

• PROBLEM  
• COMPANY TOWNS 
• LONG HOURS, LOW PAY  
• UNSAFE WORKING CONDITIONS 
• CUT-OUT-GET-OUT POLICY 
• UNANNOUNCED PAYCUTS IRREGULAR PAYDAYS

19
Brotherhood of Timber Workers

• POSSIBLE SOLUTION 
• ORGANIZE UNIONS THE BROTHERHOOD OF TIMBER
  WORKERS 
• ESTABLISH WORKERS COMPENSATION SYSTEM 
• ESTABLISH A FORESTRY PROGRAM 
• IMPROVED COMMUNICATIONS

20
Brotherhood of Timber Workers

• RESULT  
• MILL OWNERS FORMED TRADE ASSOCIATIONS TO BLOCK
  FORMATION OF UNIONS 
• DISUNITY AMONG THE WORKERS CAUSED LACK OF
  EFFECTIVE UNIONS 
• TEXAS FORESTRY ASSOCIATION WAS FORMED 
• BROTHERHOOD OF TIMBER WORKERS STAGED STRIKES AND
  WALKOUTS MERGED WITH THE INDUSTRIAL WORKERS OF
  THE WORLD AND EVENTUALLY FAILED

21
Brotherhood of Timber Workers

• NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS 
• JOHN HENRY KIRBY 
• JAY SMITH 
• ARTHUR LEE EMERSON 
• TH0MAS L. L. TEMPLE 
• W. A. PICKERING 
• ROBERT A. LONG