Thomas Jefferson and His Presidency

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Thomas Jefferson and His Presidency
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Election of 1800

• Thomas Jefferson became president
• The Democratic-Republicans took control of
  Congress
• The Twelfth Amendment was added to the
  Constitution
• Pres and VP run as a ticket
• "We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists."

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Election of 1800

• Referred to as constituting another revolution
• the party in power stepped down after losing the
  election
• Changes made
• Size of the military reduced
• Number of Federal employees increased
• Amount of national debt reduced
• Alien and Sedition Acts repealed

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TOUSSAINT L OUVERTURE

• LEADS A SLAVE REVOLT AGAINST THE FRENCH
• NAPOLEON SENDS 20,000 TROOPS
• YELLOW FEVER AND LOUVERTURES ARMY DEFEAT THE
  FRENCH
• DAMN SUGAR, DAMN COFFEE, DAMN COLONIES

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Louisiana Purchase

• Jeffersons purchase of Louisiana had its origins
  in his desire to
• Give the United States control over the
  Mississippi River
• acquire a port to provide an outlet for western
  crops
• hoped to preserve an agricultural (agrarian)
  society by making abundant lands available to
  future generations
• to prevent war with France over control of the
  Louisiana Territory and secure American commerce

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THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE

• IN 1800 NAPOLEON GAINS CONTROL OF NEW ORLEANS
  FROM SPAIN.
• WITHDRAWS THE RIGHT OF DEPOSIT IN1802

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JEFFERSON WANTS NEW ORLEANS

• JEFFERSON SENDS JAMES MONROE ROBERT LIVINGSTON
  TO PARIS.
• THEY ARE TO BUY NEW ORLEANS- CAN PAY AS MUCH AS
  10 MILLION

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MORE

• IF THE FRENCH REFUSE MONROE IS TO FORM AN
  ALLIANCE WITH BRITAIN AGAINST FRANCE.

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NAPOLEON OFFERS TO SELL ALL OF LOUISIANA

• PRICE 15 MILLION DOLLARS FOR ALL THE LAND
  BETWEEN THE MISSISSIPPI THE ROCKY MTS.
• LIVINGSTON SIGNS THE DEAL APRIL 30, 1803
• 828,000 SQ MILES (3CENTS AN ACRE.

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JEFFERSONS PRINCIPLES GET IN THE WAY.

• JEFFERSON IS A STRICT CONSTRUCTIONIST.
• MUST USE IMPLIED POWERS TO JUSTIFY THE DEAL.
• FEDERALIST ATTACK JEFFERSON FOR STRETCHING THE
  CONSTITUTION.

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Louisiana Purchase cont

• Bought the land from Napoleon
• 15 million
• As a strict constructionist, the Constitution
  did not authorize the President to negotiate
  treaties incorporating huge new expanses of land
  into the union.

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Louisiana Yet Again

• Jefferson reluctantly submitted the treaties to
  the Senate while privately admitting the purchase
  as unconstitutional.
• Senate promptly ratified the treaty
• Land-hungry Americans jubilantly supported the
  purchase
• Federalist opposition (typical of "loyal
  opposition" up to the present)
• Ironically argued for strict construction
  President did not have power to purchase LA.
• Ironically claimed LA would cost too much
  especially when balancing budget was a goal
• Real reason worried that western lands would be
  loyal to Jeffersons Republicans..

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Embargo Act 1807

• Forbade export of all goods from U.S.
• Jefferson got Congress to hastily pass the act
• Reasoned that a U.S. embargo would force Britain
  France to respect its rights.
• Loose construction of the Constitution
• Congress' power to "regulate commerce" meant it
  could stop exports.
• Undermined Jeffersons states rights philosophy
  
• Embargo Act was a disaster to the U.S. economy
• Non Intercourse Act (ended Embargo Act)
• Formally reopened trade with all nations of the
  world except France and Britain
• Remained U.S. policy until War of 1812.

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Jeffersons Legacy

• Expansion became prime goal
• Creation of a democratic non-aristocratic
  government
• Total defeat of Federalists by 1816
• Jefferson kept the country out of a damaging
  European war
• War of 1812 not until late in Madisons first
  term.

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JEFFERSONS FOREIGN POLICY

• 1801 TO 1809

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JEFFERSON VS THE PASHA OF TRIPOLI

• JEFFERSON OPPOSED LARGE ARMIES AND NAVIES
• A THREAT TO THE GOVERNMENT
• AND EXPENSIVE

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MORE

• 2500 MEN IN THE ARMY
• BUILT JEFFS TO DEFEND THE COAST. SMALL BOATS W
  1 GUN.

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1801 PASHA DECLARES WAR ON U.S.

• HOW WOULD JEFFERSON RESPOND?
• SENDS MARINES TO THE SHORES OF TRIPOLI
• 1805 WAR ENDS - WE PAY 60,000 IN RANSOM.
• BUT SHOWED WE WOULD FIGHT.

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JEFFERSONS NAVAL POLICY LEADS TO WEAKNESS.

• JEFFS ARE TOO SMALL TO BE USEFUL
• WHEN THE WAR OF 1812 COMES WE MUST BUILD REAL
  SHIPS TO CONTEND WITH THE BRITISH.

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THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE IS JEFFERSONS GREATEST
ACHIEVEMENT AS PRESIDENT.
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CONSEQUENCES OF THE DEAL

• DOUBLED THE SIZE OF THE UNITED STATES.
• GAINED A RICH RIVER VALLEY
• SECURED NEW ORLEANS AND THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.
• JEFFERSON CALLED IT THE VALLEY OF DEMOCRACY.

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LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 1804-1806

• ASCEND THE MISSOURI RIVER AND CROSS TO THE
  PACIFIC
• SURVEY THE AREA AND ESTABLISH RELATIONS WITH THE
  INDIANS