Ch 2 Personality Assessment

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1 22 09

• Ch 2 Personality Assessment
• Reliability validity
• Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies
• Eysenck, Cattell, Leary/Wiggins, Big 5

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Mortality and the power of symbols

• A cool study on
• Some people
• A.C.E., V.I.P., G.O.D., H.U.G., J.O.Y., L.O.V.,
  W.I.N., W.O.W.
• Some people
• A.S.S., B.A.D., B.U.M., D.I.E., D.U.D., H.O.G.,
  I.L.L., P.I.G., R.A.T., U.G.H.
• Know anyone like this?

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Mortality and the power of symbols

• Christenfeld et al. (1999)
• Went through
• Positive initials
• Negative initials
• Name brings unconscious self-regard or -hatred
• Parents choose names carefully!
• Recent initials study

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Ch 2 Personality Assessment

• Evaluation of personality measures
• 1.
• 2.

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Ch 2 Personality Assessment

• Reliability
• E.g., a reliable intelligence test
• An unreliable intelligence test

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Ch 2 Personality Assessment

• Ways to estimate reliability
• 1. stability
• 2. consistency
• 3. agreement

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Ch 2 Personality Assessment

• the extent to which a test measures what it
  claims to measure
• Simply said, more difficult in practice
• There

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Ch 2 Personality Assessment

• Do they seem to be measuring the quality in
  question?
• High I sometimes hear voices that are not there
• Low I enjoy tomatoes more than asparagus
• http//psy.fau.edu/vallacher/rvallacher/hbds.htm

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Ch 2 Personality Assessment

• ACT college grades
• SS gambling frequency
• Ch 3 Traits Taxonomies

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Ch 3 Trait Taxonomies

• Chapter 3 trait taxonomies
• Taxonomy
• Groups things together that
• Distinguishes things that
• In
• Belong together?
• Should be distinguished?

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Ch 3 Trait Taxonomies

• Why a taxonomy?
• 15,000 trait terms
• 100s small, specific traits
• How do they relate?
• Which of broad importance?

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Ch 3 Trait Taxonomies

• Goal of taxonomy
• Establishing
• Lexical approach (e.g., synonyms)
• Factor analysis (groups items statistically)
• (example of the latter method)

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Humorous .66 .06 .19
• Amusing .65 .23 .02
• Popular .57 .13 .22
• Hard-working .05 .63 .01
• Productive .04 .52 .19
• Determined .23 .52 .08
• Imaginative .01 .09 .62
• Original .13 .05 .53
• Inventive .06 .26 .47

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Ch 3 Traits Taxonomies

• Taxonomies
• 1. Eysencks EPN
• 2. Cattells 16PF
• 3. Interpersonal circumplex
• 4. Big 5

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Hans Eysenck
• Intense dislike of Hitler
• 40 books, 700 articles
• Died 1998

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Eysencks model
• Somewhat theoretical
• E
• N
• P psychoticism

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Hierarchical Structure of Extraversion-Introversio
n (E)

• Sociable
• Lively
• Assertive
• Sensation-seeking
• Carefree
• Dominant

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Hierarchical Structure of Neuroticism (N)

• Anxious
• Depressed
• Low SE
• Tense
• Irrational
• Moody

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Hierarchical Structure ofPsychoticism (P)

• Aggressive
• Cold
• Egocentric
• Antisocial
• Unempathic
• Tough-minded

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Cattells taxonomy
• Statistical innovator (r)
• Individual diffs (g)
• Wanted comprehensive taxonomy
• 50 books, 500 articles
• Died 1998, same as Eysenck

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• (Cattells taxonomy)
• As convinced of them
• This A, B, C stuff is from vitamins
• Believed in
• (not just 3)

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• (Cattells taxonomy)
• Factor A (similar to E)
• Factor B
• Factor C (-N)
• Factor E (now part of E)
• Factor F
• And so on

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• (Cattells taxonomy)
• Criticism
• Many of which
• No one replicates 16

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• (circumplex)
• influential
• Circumplex
• Book
• (not worth 600 pages though!)

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• (circumplex models)
• Developed measures
• 2 most important dimensions

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies
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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• (circumplex models)
• Wiggins
• Statistical implications of

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Big 5 circumplex

• Advantages of circumplex
• Comprehensive in
• Specific
• Relatively rich theory of
• (first 2 factors)
• Disadvantages of circumplex
• Big 5

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• McCrae, Costa, John, Goldberg, Saucier
• Somewhat consensual model

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The Five-Factor ModelHistory

• Allport and Odbert (1936)
• 17,953 trait terms
• 4,500 are stable traits
• Cattell (1943)
• Factor analysis of 171 of these stable traits
• 35 clusters
• Fiske (1949)
• Reduces this to 22
• Factor analysis results in 5 factors

• Tupes Christal (1961)
• Replicate Fiske
• Norman (1963) replicates Tupes Christal, and
  writes a review about these big five traits
• McCrae and Costa
• Many pubs confirming Big 5
• And ability to capture other variables
• E.g., self-esteem
• E.g., psychoticism
• A unifying taxonomy for personality traits

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Big 5
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.
• variance
• OCEAN

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• Warmth
• Gregariousness
• Assertiveness
• Activity
• Excitement seeking
• Positive emotions

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• Trust
• Straightforwardness
• Altruism
• Compliance
• Modesty
• Tender-mindedness

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• Competence
• Order
• Dutifulness
• Achievement striving
• Self-discipline
• Deliberation

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Anxiety Angry hostility Depression Self-consciousn
ess Impulsiveness Vulnerability
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• Fantasy
• Aesthetics
• Feelings
• Actions
• Ideas
• Values

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• FFM/Big 5
• Different historical periods
• Different languages, cultures
• Adjectives sentences

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Extraverts
• Like
• Downside
• They get into more danger
• E.g., car fatalities

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Agreeable people
• Motivated to
• Good at resolving conflicts

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Conscientious people
• Better
• Plan ahead
• In relationships
• more committed thoughtful

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Neurotics
• Unstable moods emotions
• Health problems complaints

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Open people
• More
• Like
• More
• Less