Mind at Play I: unpredictable reinforcement Loftus and Loftus

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Mind at Play I unpredictable reinforcement
(Loftus and Loftus)

• Wk 2
• Shuen-shing LeeUnless otherwise specified, the
  ideas and concepts in this ppt are either quoted
  or cited from Loftus and Loftus Mind at Play

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Mind at Play I unpredictable reinforcement
(Loftus and Loftus) Mechanics of Reinforcement

• Preparation Play Pinball and Pac-Man.
  Imagine Pinball as an arcade game (not purely
  digital).
• Reading material to be available.

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Pinball
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Pac Man
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Mind at Play I unpredictable reinforcement
(Loftus and Loftus) Mechanics of Reinforcement

• 3 cases an aspiring astronomer, an old woman in
  a casino, a teenager playing a video game.1
  common element their behaviors dictated by
  reinforcements (rewards)

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Mind at Play I unpredictable reinforcement
(Loftus and Loftus) Mechanics of Reinforcement

• Basic Concepts Reinforcement is the provision
  for you of something that you like Skinners
  box a rat and pellets as reinforcements

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Mind at Play I unpredictable reinforcement
(Loftus and Loftus) Mechanics of Reinforcement

• Schedules of Reinforcement Continuous
  reinforcement The rat gets rewarded each time it
  presses the lever. This schedule is necessary to
  get the rat started. Partial reinforcement
  rewards given only now and then.

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Mind at Play I unpredictable reinforcement
(Loftus and Loftus) Mechanics of Reinforcement

• Extinction The Ruth case a compulsive
  gambler, who came back to Vegas every year to
  gamble. Extinction The cessation of playing
  The extinction period the length of time it
  takes for the playing to cease or extinguish.
  Variable schedules the partial reinforcement
  schedule that leads to the longest extinction
  periods. 2 types of variable schedules
  variable ratio (one in five turns), variable
  interval (once every ten minutes, with the actual
  times ranging randomly from once every ten
  seconds to once every half hour p17, p19 )

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Mind at Play I unpredictable reinforcement
(Loftus and Loftus) Mechanics of Reinforcement

• Reinforcement and Game Design How to implement
  reinforcement schedules? Pinball (the arcade
  type) difficulty setting is defaulted,
  invariable. The consequence it might be too
  difficult for Daniel but too easy for Dennis.
  Video games (the digital type) difficulty levels
  can be flexibly arranged (progressively
  difficult). Dynamic adjustments of
  difficulty setting A game offers levels that
  match a players ability after its AI has
  detected how well a player can perform in the
  initial rounds of the gameplay (Anders
  Hejdenberg, The Psychology Behind Games ).

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Mind at Play I unpredictable reinforcement
(Loftus and Loftus) Other Aspects of
Reinforcement

• Pac-Man gobbles yellow dots that are worth 10
  points each. Why 10 points? Why not 1000 points?
• Magnitude of Reinforcement The TV game show
  case1 dollar lt 10 dollars1 million dollars
  10 million dollars For most people, 1 million
  dollars and 10 million dollars are
  psychologically pretty much the same
  thingtheyre both very large amounts of money.
  This is also the case for Pac-Man A million
  points for eating a dot would be not dissimilar
  from 20 million points for eating a monster.

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Mind at Play I unpredictable reinforcement
(Loftus and Loftus) Other Aspects of
Reinforcement

• Delay of Reinforcement Instead of saving money
  which is difficult, many people spend it as soon
  as they get it, and reinforcement is immediate.
  Video games offer instant reinforcement as well
  (e.g., showing the score change right after you
  shoot down a target).

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Mind at Play I unpredictable reinforcement
(Loftus and Loftus) Other Aspects of
Reinforcement

• Multiple Reinforcements Video games offer
  reinforcements in a variety of ways since
  different people enjoy different things.
• To Be Continued

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Works for Inspiration I

• Women in art
• Girl Power
• Preparation Play both works

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Works for Inspiration II

• Zoom
• The Right Number (Part I)
• Preparation Play both works

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Works for Inspiration III

• Picassos paintings
• Kabul Kaboom!
• Cubic Tragedy
• Preparation Play both works

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Picasso, Guernica
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A Detail of Guernica
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Picasso, The Weeping Woman
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Works for Inspiration IV

• Surrealistic Paintings, New and Old, II
•  North West Coast Printmakers
•  "Freaky Flakes
• Preparation Play Freaky Flakes and the
  Tlingit Nation section of NWCP

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Dali, The Persistence of Memory
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