ASAS what does it mean operationally

1
ASAS THEMATIC NETWORK SECOND WORKSHOP MALMÖ, 6-8
OCTOBER 2003

• ASAS what does it mean operationally?
• ON THE WAY TO ASASAIRBORNE TRAFFIC SITUATION
  AWARENESS,
• THE FIRST STEP

2
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step

• Airborne Separation Assistance System concept is
  based on delegation of manoeuvre to the crew.
• On the way to full separation delegation,
  several steps shall be considered.
• Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness have to be
  considered as the first step.
• Nowadays, separation delegation already exists
  visual separation procedures is the most common
  one.

3
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step

• Traffic situation understanding is a first
  necessity for crew before accepting any
  responsibility concerning surrounding traffic.
• Providing information on surrounding traffic may
  help crew to have a better understanding of
  situation.

4
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step

• Through Traffic Collision Avoidance System
  display crew actually have some information on
  surrounding traffic.
• Even if TCAS is not designed for that purpose,
  crew derives this information to build a mental
  picture of surrounding traffic.

• Airborne Traffic Situation Awarenessis an
  operational need.

5
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step
OPA
Operational Performance Assessment
ê
ê
6
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step
OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS DEFINITION
ATSAW Operational Service Environment Document
ATSAW Operational Hazard Analysis
ATSAW Operational Performance Assessment
2003/04
SPECIFICATIONS
O3P MOCK-UP
MOCK-UP EVALS
2005
Equipment Development
Lab Equipment Integration
Bench Flight SimulatorTests
Airbus Suppliers Equipment Development
Test A/C Integration
Flight Trials on test A/C
FP6 Projects
Flight Trials on Airlines Test A/C
Equipment Update
Certification
Service Bulletin
FP6 Projects
7
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step

• Several situations - called also applications -
  have been identified, depending on environment,
  phase of flight, airspace class, air traffic
  services, meteorological conditions, which may be
  gathered into three main categories
• Visual Separation Procedures aided by ATSAW
• Enhanced Visual Acquisition for See and Avoid,
• Enhanced Successive Visual Approaches,
• Enhanced Visual Acquisition for Successive
  Take-Off,
• Runway Occupancy Awareness,
• Surface Traffic Awareness
• Anticipation of Operations Trajectories
• Flight Operations Improvement
• Blind Broadcast Operations
• Enhanced-Traffic Information Broadcast by
  Aircraft

8
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step
Enhanced Visual Acquisition for See and Avoid

• The See and Avoid application helps the Crew
• to detect and visually acquire threatening
  traffic
• to prepare avoidance actions, if required, in
  due time.

9
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step
Enhanced Visual Acquisition for See and Avoid

• The See and Avoid application helps the Crew
• to detect and visually acquire threatening
  traffic
• to prepare avoidance actions, if required, in
  due time.

AZA557 15 ?
AFR6512 A320 M 323 11
AFR257 31 ?
Push and Turn
10
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step
Enhanced Visual Acquisition for See and Avoid

• The See and Avoid application helps the Crew
• to detect and visually acquire threatening
  traffic
• to prepare avoidance actions, if required, in
  due time.

AZA557 A321 M 320 15 ?
AFR6512 11
AFR257 31 ?
Turn
11
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step
Enhanced Visual Acquisition for See and Avoid

• The See and Avoid application helps the Crew
• to detect and visually acquire threatening
  traffic
• to prepare avoidance actions, if required, in
  due time.

AZA557 15 ?
AFR6512 11
AFR257 A320 M 312 12 ?
Turn
12
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step
Enhanced Visual Acquisition for See and Avoid

• The See and Avoid application helps the Crew
• to detect and visually acquire threatening
  traffic
• to prepare avoidance actions, if required, in
  due time.

AZA557 15 ?
AFR6512 A320 M 323 11
AFR257 31 ?
Push
13
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step
Enhanced Visual Acquisition for See and Avoid

• The See and Avoid application helps the Crew
• to detect and visually acquire threatening
  traffic
• to prepare avoidance actions, if required, in
  due time.

AZA557 15 ?
AFR6512 A320 M 323 11
AFR257 31 ?
14
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step
Enhanced Successive Visual Approaches
The objective is to conduct cleared successive
approaches with visual separation on a regular
basis, safely and accurately.
AZA557 30 ?
??
AFR6512 A320 M 323 11
15
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step
Enhanced Visual Acquisition for Successive
Take-Off This application aims at increasing
frequency and safety of visual separation
clearance for take-off .The goal is to

• Improve opportunity of visual separation by
  offering cues to locate preceding departing
  aircraft,
• Enhance safety of such operations by providing
  information and identification on preceding
  departing aircraft.

??
AFR6512 A320 M 323 09?
16
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step

• RUNWAY OCCUPANCY AWARENESS
• The application aims at preventing runway
  incursions, by providing information to the Crew
  of potential hazardous situations due to runway
  occupancy.
• In order to support runway operations tasks,
  CDTI shall display runways and the concerned
  traffic.
• It helps crew to visually acquire threatening
  traffic prior to possible avoidance maneuvers.

17
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step

• SURFACE TRAFFIC AWARENESS
• This application provides the flight Crew with
  an enhanced traffic situational awareness on the
  airport surface for both taxi and runway
  operations.
• The objectives are to improve safety (e.g. at
  taxiway crossings, or before entering a runway)
  and to reduce taxi time in particular during low
  visibility conditions or during night.

18
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step

• Anticipation of Operations Trajectories by
  Flight Operations Improvement

• This application aims at improving aircraft
  operations and efficiency through
• An improved trajectory anticipation and an
  enhanced flight efficiency, thanks to a better
  knowledge of possible evolutions of the traffic
  situation,
• Consequently, a better management of crew
  workload.

19
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step
Enhanced Traffic Information Broadcast by
Aircraft This application aims at helping the
Crews to monitor traffic relevant to the Blind
Broadcast procedure by providing a large range
picture of surrounding ADS-B equipped traffic.
20
Airborne Traffic Situational Awareness
Evaluations Early Results
AZA557 15 ?
AFR6512 11
AFR257 A320 M 312 12 ?

• Pilots interviewed ltltWe are going in the good
  directiongtgt.
• Safety increased thanks to improved onboard
  surveillance.
• See Avoid improved thanks to the contextual
  information.
• Visual acquisition improved on final approach.
• Flight efficiency and performance optimized
  thanks to a better anticipation of flight
  operations.
• Passengers comfort increase thanks to smooth
  flight performance

21
ATSAW Operational Hazard Analysis
1. Operational Hazard List
   Enhanced See and Avoid   OH_SA1 Loss
of Enhanced See and Avoid.   OH_SA2
Untimely avoidance manoeuvre due to
CDTI.   OH_SA3 Inadvertent Enhanced See
and Avoid initiation.   OH_SA4 Possible
continuation of Enhanced See and
Avoid.   Enhanced Successive Visual Approach on
same runway   OHESVA1 ESVA application
initiation failed.   OHESVA2 Loss of ESVA
application.   OHESVA3 Infringement of
separation by the trailer due to CDTI.   OHESVA4
Continue to fly according to the clearance.

22
Enhanced Successive Visual Approach on same
runway  
ATSAW Operational Hazard Analysis
1.1. Enhanced See and Avoid

23
ATSAW Operational Hazard Analysis
1.1.1. Exemple of of Operational Failure Scenario
in Enhanced See and Avoid application
OH_SA2. Untimely avoidance manoeuvre due to
CDTI.
Display frozen or delayed.
A conflicting a/c is present. The display of
CDTI is frozen or delayed. The flight crew can
not detect the conflicting a/c and will be misled
to assess the traffic situation aided by CDTI.
The ATC may also identify a conflicting situation
and/or give traffic information. The flight crew
will continue his flight plan. The flight crew
may apply Rules of Air with delay after detection
of the conflicting a/c by visual
cross-acquisition, external traffic detection or
TCAS alert. 1. The flight crew will
continue his flight plan. 2. The ATC
Controller may give Traffic information. 3.
Possible infringe of separation. TCAS is
operative and provides traffic advisories as
necessary.
Severity 3 Significant reduction in safety
margins. Significant increase in crew
workload. Severity 4 with recommendations Sligh
t reduction in safety margins or aircraft
functional capabilities.
24
ATSAW Operational Hazard Analysis
RTCA/EUROCAE matrix
25
ATSAW Operational Hazard Analysis
1.2. Enhanced Successive Visual Approach on same
runway

26
ATSAW Operational Hazard Analysis
1.2.1. Example of Operational Failure Scenario in
ESVA application
OHESVA3 Infringement of separation by the
trailer due to CDTI.
Misleading ADS-B data reception.
The CDTI does not display the correct
horizontal relative position of the target
aircraft (misleading data reception, display).
The flight crew is misled and may believe that
the target is too far. The flight crew cross
check between visual cues and misleading CDTI
information, but its difficult to evaluate the
relative distance. The flight crew may infringe
separation minimum, to reduce target relative
range. Visual minimum separation is ensured
with target. 1. The flight crew will
continue to fly according to the clearance.
1. The flight crew maintains visual contact with
target. 2. No effect. 3. Possible loss of
separation. TCAS is operative and provides
traffic advisories as necessary.    
Severity 3 Significant reduction in safety
margins. Significant increase in crew
workload. Severity 4 with recommendations Sligh
t reduction in safety margins or aircraft
functional capabilities.
27
Example of OPA - Enhanced Visual Acquisition for
See and Avoid FG(EVA - SA)

• The EVA-SA application assists flight crews to
  perform see and avoid tasks. It is particularly
  designed for Class D to G airspace.
• It aims support them to visually acquire
  threatening traffic prior to possible avoidance
  manoeuvres.
• Application aims
• . The main purpose of this application is to
  increase the likelihood to earlier visually
  acquire threatening traffic in order to avoid
  potential conflict situation
• . and nevertheless a conflict occur, to increase
  the probability to solve the conflict
• . and decrease the time of conflict resolution

28
Example of OPA - Enhanced Visual Acquisition for
See and Avoid FG(EVA - SA)

• In order to perform the OPA, it is provided a
  detailed description of each application.
• This detailed description is performed via a
  modeling in which each application is described
  in terms of phases, sequences and actions.
• The application is divided in four phases which
  are
• . Identification phase.
• . Evaluation phase.
• . Decision phase.
• . Manoeuvre phase.
• At each phase is associated the corresponding
  metric.

29
Example of OPA - Enhanced Visual Acquisition for
See and Avoid FG(EVA - SA)

• The application is characterise by two metrics
• The probability of failure of the application
  (Pp).
• The global time to realise the application (T).

30
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step

• CONCLUSIONS
• Traffic situation understanding is a first
  necessity for crew before accepting any
  responsibility concerning surrounding traffic.
• Airborne Separation Assistance System concept is
  based on delegation of manoeuvre to the crew.
• On the way to full separation delegation,
  several steps shall be considered and...
• ...AIRBORNE TRAFFIC SITUATION AWARENESS
• have to be considered as
• THE FIRST STEP !

31
This document and all information contained
herein is the sole property of AIRBUS S.A.S. No
intellectual property rights are granted by the
delivery of this document or the disclosure of
its content. This document shall not be
reproduced or disclosed to a third party without
the express written consent of AIRBUS S.A.S. This
document and its content shall not be used for
any purpose other than that for which it is
supplied. The statements made herein do not
constitute an offer. They are based on the
mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good
faith. Where the supporting grounds for these
statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be
pleased to explain the basis thereof.
AN EADS JOINT COMPANY WITH BAE SYSTEMS
32
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step

• What is existing in 2003
• Surveillance
• FANS 1/A ADS-C
• Mode S Transponder with
• Elementary Enhanced Surveillance
• 1090 ADS-B out Extended Squitters (DO260)
• Surveillance functions needed, but not launched

• Surveillance
• ADS-B out
• update for DO260A MOPS compliance (XPDR)
• ADS-B out mandate (1090 Ext Squitters)
• GS ASAS Package 1 applications
• ATSAW /CDTI,
• Runway Incursion/occupancy detection alerting
• Spacing

on Airbus
33
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step

• What is missing for launch?

• ADS-B out Need and mandate to be decided by
  states Market demand (Airlines) -
• DO260A worldwide agreement as first standard
  (ICAO process)
• ASAS Institutional regulatory framework -
  Benefits assessment - Market for
  Industry no business case Applis selection
  by ATS providers and Airlines for Benefits,
• P1 Applications harmonization, Steps for
  implementations
• SPR interop, standardisation
• Integration in current ATM procedures (gnd
  tools update)
• Transition phase management
• Runway incursion Where is the
  detection and alerting? Is Airport Nav
  Display needed ?
• TIS-B Role real need of TIS-B to be
  clarified

34
ASAS WHAT DOES IT MEAN OPERATIONALLY?On the way
to ASAS...Airborne Traffic Situation Awareness,
the first step
Mainly PSR and SSR Radar. Mode S
Tracking. Initial downlink/CAP services. Cockpit
aids for - TCAS, - Terrain Awareness, - Weather
Radar, PWS, Initial Multilateration on
airports. Gnd Safetynet MSAW, STCA,
- Optimise current procedures - ADS-B out for
Ground use (non radar) - Cockpit Situational
Awareness - Spacing for current procedures
optimisation (VMC IMC) - Improved Aman (Gnd) -
Ground Multilateration - On-board runway
incursion alerts - STCA improvement
- Increase ATM efficiency - ASAS procedures to
reduce separations - Delegation of airborne
separation tasks cruise, approach, airport -
Self separation (low density)
Enhanced Mode S 1090 Extended
Squitters ADS-B CDTI ASAS applications
Traffic Computer, FMS, EIS, New ASAS
procedures CPDLC for full automation Multilate
ration for both airport and airborne
use .Implementation of TIS-B