Inclusions and Exclusions

1
Inclusions and Exclusions

• Family Settlement in a Changing Immigration
  Environment

2
Objectives

• Create an awareness and understanding of the
  important elements of Australias migration
  program.
• Raise awareness of the eligibilities and
  ineligibilities of income and access associated
  with some of the Visa subclasses
• Create an understanding of how access
  restrictions impact on the integration of
  children into the mainstream society

3
The Migration Program has two main branches,
Migrants and Refugees. These can be further
broken down into Temporary and Permanent.
Migrants
Refugee
Temporary Program
Permanent Program
Temporary
Permanent
Economic
Economic

• Tourist and Holiday Makers
• Short Stay Business
• Professional Development

• Business Visas with significant capital

• Temporary Protection Visa
• Asylum Seekers
• Bridging Visas

• Refugee (200)
• In Country SpecialHumanitarian (201)
• Emergency Rescue (203)
• Women At Risk (204)
• Special Humanitarian Program (202)
• Unaccompanied Minors
• (covered by Guardianship Of
• children Act)

Skilled

• Skilled Independent
• Australian Sponsored Link
• Designated Area Sponsored
• Skill Matching Database

Skilled
After 2 yrs

• Student
• Skilled Independent Regional
• Temporary Business

Parent

• Aged Parents
• Contributory Parents

Partner
Child

• Spouse
• Fiancé
• Inter-dependence

• Own Child
• Adopted Child
• Orphan Relative

Other
Compiled from www.immi.gov.au Fact sheets 20, 29,
33,36, 39,40,60,69

• Bridging Visas
• Social and Cultural Stream

4
Total Migration from 3 key categories
DIMIA (2006) Population Flows Immigration
Aspects 2003 - 2004 Edition, p.30-31 and DIMIA
(2006), Factsheet 20 Migration program planning
levels
5
Source Countries for Australian Migration
UK has one of the largest portion of over stayers
Migration Program Statistics
www.immi.gov.au, 2007
6
Key Comparisons

• Refugees
• Total accepted 13 000 refugees per year
• In 2005-06 planning year 14,144 visas were issued
  
• Source countries consist of
• Sudan
• Iraq
• Afghanistan
• Burma
• Liberia
• Burundi
• Sierra Leone
• Congo

In 2003/2004 there were only 82 boat arrivals
7
Refugee Visas 2004/05

• Total 13008
• Refugee 5,511
• Women at risk 841
• SHP 6,585
• On shore humanitarian 17
• On shore refugees 895
• (source Refugee council of Australia
  www.rcoa.org.au/stats)

8
Off-shore refugee program

• (a) Refugee category. Refugees are people outside
  their country of nationality, who are subject to
  persecution in their home country and have been
  identified in conjunction with the United Nations
  High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) as in need
  of resettlement
• (b) Special Humanitarian Program (SHP) category.
• SHP entrants are people outside their home
  country who have suffered substantial
  discrimination amounting to gross violation of
  their human rights and who have been proposed by
  an Australian citizen, resident or community
  group in Australia
• (c) Special Assistance category (SAC). This visa
  category was discontinued after the 2001-02
  program year. This category was for people who,
  while not meeting the refugee or special
  humanitarian criteria, were nonetheless in
  situations of discrimination, displacement or
  hardship.

9
On shore refugee program

• Humanitarian category This includes people
  granted permanent resident status on humanitarian
  grounds or granted Temporary Humanitarian Concern
  (subclass 786) visas
• Onshore Refugee category is further divided into
• Temporary Protection Visa (TPV) subclass 785
• Permanent Protection Visa (PPV) subclass 866

10
Settlement assistance

• Refugees proposers are assisted through the
  IHSS program which includes

• Case Coordination, Information and Referrals
• On Arrival Reception and Assistance
• Accommodation Services
• Short Term Torture and Trauma Counseling Services

11
Where is the child?
No eligibilities
Limited eligibilities
Child
Eligibilities
Child
Child
Child
Child
Child
Child
Child
The general trend of migration assistance
through disintegrated systems implies that their
integration will be limited as it is not well
controlled
12
Some interesting Studies that look at Refugee
children

• A new Country and no place to call home Hanover
  Welfare services 2004
• Seeking Asylum alone A study of Australian Law
  Policy and Practice regarding unaccompanied and
  separated children MCrock
• Faculty of Law Sydney University 2006
• Asylum seekers and refugees in Australia Issues
  of Mental Health and Well being S.Raman and
  S.Goldfeld 2003

Scarred for life, but still alive. Children in
conflict areas are often subject to physical
harm. (Source Burma Issues, 2003)  
13
Convention on the rights of the child the
Story of a Tamil family

• Article 2
• States Parties shall respect and ensure the
  rights set forth in the present Convention to
  each child within their jurisdiction without
  discrimination of any kind, irrespective of the
  child's or his or her parent's or legal
  guardian's race, colour, sex, language, religion,
  political or other opinion, national, ethnic or
  social origin, property, disability, birth or
  other status.
• 2. States Parties shall take all appropriate
  measures to ensure that the child is protected
  against all forms of discrimination or punishment
  on the basis of the status, activities, expressed
  opinions, or beliefs of the child's parents,
  legal guardians, or family members.
• Article 3
• 1. In all actions concerning children, whether
  undertaken by public or private social welfare
  institutions, courts of law, administrative
  authorities or legislative bodies, the best
  interests of the child shall be a primary
  consideration.
• 2. States Parties undertake to ensure the child
  such protection and care as is necessary for his
  or her well-being, taking into account the rights
  and duties of his or her parents, legal
  guardians, or other individuals legally
  responsible for him or her, and, to this end,
  shall take all appropriate legislative and
  administrative measures.

14
Human services workers Bridge the gap between
those who make decisions and those who have to
suffer the effects of those decisions

• Listen to people dont make assumptions and
  exclude them.
• If a person does not speak English or is not
  eligible for a service then work a bit harder to
  include them.
• A few minutes of your extra work may change
  someones life.
• Sometimes access also means goodwill,
  open-mindedness and a way around funding
  guidelines.

15
Source of information

• www.immi.gov.au
• www.rcoa.org.au
• DIMIA (2004) Australia's Support for Humanitarian
  Entrants, p.2 1. DIMIA (2005)
• Australian Institute of Family studies
• Australian Treaty Series 1991 No 4 DEPARTMENT OF
  FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND TRADE CANBERRA