CASE STUDY: ITALY

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CASE STUDYITALY

• David Newman
• Managing Director
• ISWA ITALY
• Consortium of Italian Compostors

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State of the art of Italys waste system
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Source separated collection

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Percentage of Councils that source separate their
waste collection
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By whom is source separation managed ?
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How is waste treated and disposed of ?

• Landfill use has fallen from 75 to 52 of MSW in
  five years

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Waste Management in Italy- the Laws.

• Legislative Decree n.22/97 Decreto Ronchi
  guidelines and coordination of the Regional
  Administrations as well as 50 technical decrees
• Objective an integrated approach to waste from
  production through to the final controls.

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• The hierarchy was established
• Prevention of the production and the
  hazardousness of waste
• Material Recovery
• Energy recovery
• Final disposal

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Authorisations- ordinary procedure art.27 and
art.28

• Presentation of the request for authorisation to
  the Regional or Provincial authorities sending
  the final project and technical documentation
• Within 30 days ? Technical Conference to evaluate
  the project which includes all parties to the
  authorisation (Councils, ATO, Regions, Provinces,
  ASL, ARPA, Com. Montana etc.)
• Within 90 days ?The Conference elaborates its
  findings and sends them to the competent
  Authority.
• Within 30 days ?The Authority decides whether to
  authorise or not on the basis of other
  considerations.
• TOTAL 150 days

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Simplified Procedure art.33

• When the operation is recovery, a simple
  communication to the competent authority is
  required (excluding hazardous waste and landfill
  operations).
• The operations can begin 90 days after the
  communication to the competent authority.

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Registration with the Regional Waste Registry of
the Chamber of Commerce

• If a plant is under ordinary authorisation, for
  example, treating hazardous waste or for final
  disposal, these companies have to deposit a bank
  guarantee and are required to have final
  authorisation from the Registry.
• If the plant is under a simple communication
  procedure for companies that transport non
  hazardous waste for recovery these have reduced
  bank guarantees at the beginning of their
  activity for values established by the Registry.

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CONAI

• The LAW 22/97 established the Obligatory
  Consortium of Packaging Waste into which
  producers, users and distributors of packaging
  waste undertake to reach the EU targets on waste
  recovery through source separated collection.
  CONAI is non profit.

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In Brief, who does what ?
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CASE STUDIES
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BOLOGNA PROVINCE

• The lowest per capita production of waste in the
  Region

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• January 2002 establishes ATO5 on the basis of
  the Regional Law n.25 6/9/1999
• January 2005 the Councils pass their management
  functions to the new ATO5
• 5 areas are recognised as waste basins
• Three companies (for 60 councils) are given a ten
  years management contract for the whole ATO area.
  
• The ATO defines waste management rules for urban
  and similar wastes.

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Plants operating within the ATO5 Bologna area
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BRINDISI PROVINCE

• Lowest source separated collection within the
  Region (4,25)

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• Two waste management areas (ATO) were defined in
  2001
• There has been no agreement signed between any of
  the parties (councils, province, region,
  operators)
• The councils individually undertake the tenders
  to select operators within their territory. There
  are as many as 15 operators within an area
  containing half the population of Bologna
  Province and only 20 councils.

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Plants in the Brindisi Province
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CONCLUSIONS

• Where an integrated management system has been
  developed, as in Bologna, high levels of source
  separated collection follow, few operators allow
  economic and operational effeciency, system
  works.
• Where many small operators are working,
  ineffeciency is high, source separated collection
  is low, system fails.

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CONCLUSIONS 2

• Many levels of decision making create confusion
  and slow process. In Bologna, all decisions are
  now delegated to the ATO to apply Regional waste
  plan. In Brindisi decisions are still at council,
  provincial and regional level and therefore
  operators have a very long authorisation process.
  In fact, there are effectively no waste plants
  operating.

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CONCLUSIONS 3

• The new Waste Law n. 152 of 2006 changes the
  previous procedures. We are still waiting to see
  what the implications are for planning,
  authorisations and source separated collection.
  The new Government may decide to revert to the
  22/97 system. In short, there is confusion and in
  this scenario no-one invests.