Land Administration 451 418 Lecture 17 Land Administration Technology Prof. Rohan Bennett

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Land Administration 451 418Lecture 17Land
Administration TechnologyProf. Rohan Bennett
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Technology covered so far in this subject
Measurement Technology
Mapping/ Storage Technology
Access Technology

• Todays Lecture
• Rapidly Growing
• Area
• eGovernment
• eCitizenship

Digital Cadastral Database
Location Enabled Platforms
Other Spatial Databases
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Land Administration 451 418Lecture 17Land
Administration Technology Accessing
InformationProf. Rohan Bennett
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Objectives of Lecture

• To understand the reasons behind the growth in
  demand for land information
• To understand how wireless and internet
  technologies are being used to provide access to
  land information
• To appreciate the current Land Administration
  problem of access to restriction/responsibility
  information

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Part 1The Growing Demandand Need for access
toSpatial Information
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What Information are we talking about?
State Info

• Ownership
• Type, Proprietor, Primary Usage
• Encumbrances
• Easements, Mortgages, Caveats, Covenants
• Location Dimension
• Address, Map References, Jurisdictions, Parcel
  Identifiers (CPN, SPI, Lot/Plan), Dimensions
• Valuation Land Tax
• Unimproved Value, Improved Value, Rate Payable,
  Rate Assessment Number, Property Identifiers,
  Ratepayer
• Development and Planning
• Planning Zone, Planning Scheme, Planning Process,
  Proposed Changes, Vendor Certificates

Local Gov Info
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But wait.. theres more

• Infrastructure
• Private Infrastructure (Building Footprints and
  Description)
• Building Regulations (Air Con, Lifts, Fire),
• Public Infrastructure (Roads, Water, Sewage,
  Telco, Drainage, Gas, Elec)
• Services
• Garbage,
• Recycling,
• Green Waste,
• Street Cleaning
• Imagery

• and these are only really the Core datasets
• What about
• Environmental Datasets
• Vegetation
• Salinity
• Minerals
• Social Datasets
• Population
• Demographics

Utility Orgs
Local Gov
State Private
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Land Info Users and their Needs

• Government
• Urban and Regional Planning Development,
  Health, Emergency Management, Crime, Education,
  Environment, Registry - Tenure Security, Taxation
• Industry
• Farmers, Developers, Manufacturers, Retailers,
  Finance, Utility Companies,
• General Public
• Property Management Purchase, Location Based
  Services i.e. Small Scale Decision making

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Access The Old Way

• Land Information was primarily used for the
  management of the Land Market
• The public had limited access to land information
• All systems were bureaucratic and paper based
• Transactions and search requests were completed
  over the counter and performed manually
• Information not centralized
• within a single department

Why was this the case?
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Government Structurehinders sharing and access
In the past (and even today)
High Level Government Department of Premier and
Cabinet / Treasury
Mapping
Valuation
Registry





Planning
Department of Primary Industries
Department of Human Services
Department of Infrastructure
Department of Education
Department of Lands
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The Drive for Change

• The Change Drivers
• Sustainable Development
• Government Cost Cutting
• What did this mean?
• More environmental legislation applied to land
• A move to e Government

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How land information helps achieve Sustainable
Development
3. Social Dimension
Health Management
Crime Management
Education Management
Arts Culture Management
2. Enviro Dimension
Natural Resource Management
Infrastructure Management
Urban Regional Planning
Sustainable Development
1. Economic Dimension
Valuation
Registration
Economical Development
Enabler
Spatial Information / Cadastre
Time
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The Changing Role of Spatial Information
Departments
Looking ahead.
High Level Government Department of Premier and
Cabinet / Treasury
Office of Chief Information Officer (CIO)
Mapping
Valuation
Registry





Planning
Department of Primary Industries
Department of Human Services
Department of Infrastructure
Department of Education
Department of Lands
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Sustainable Development eGovernment
The Grand Plan Spatial Information supporting
eGovernment, eCitizenship and Sustainable
Development
User Decisions Transactions
General Public Users
Private Sector Users
Government Users
Applications Functions
Crime
Emergency
Natural Resource
Health
Planning
Environment
Infrastructure
Centralised or Distributed Operating System
(Coordinated by SII) e.g. SLIP
Data Networks
Social Datasets
Environmental Datasets
Economic Datasets
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Technology isnt usually the problem

• As technology develops bandwidth and
  visualisations problems are overcome
• The real problems with providing access to
  information lie with
• Data Sharing Interoperability
• Creating collaborative arrangements and
  partnerships
• Maintenance Regimes
• Ensuring the dynamic datasets are always up to
  date
• Privacy and Security
• Ensuring privacy laws are adhered to and that
  information is stored in a secure manner

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Part 2Providing access usingweb and
wirelesstechnologies
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A Static Web Page
Server
Client
Get http//www.server.org/info.html
info.html specific server Generated headers
ltHTMLgt ltBODYgt ltH1gtIans HomepageltH1gt lt/BODYgt lt/HTM
Lgt
Loney, 2003
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A Dynamic Web Page
Server
Client
Get http//www. server.org /page.asp
Web Server Process
Main Process
page.asp a plain HTML document
ActiveX Object/.NET Object
page.asp
Database
External Libraries
Loney, 2003
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3-Tier Architecture
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The Provider Side Architecture
I NTERNET / INTRANET / EXTRANET - TCP/IP PROTOCOLS
TCP/IP PROTOCOLS
MAP SERVER e.g MapGuide, ArcIMS, MapExtreme
DATABASE QUERY SERVERS e.g. ColdFusion, ASP, JSP
ODBC / OLE / ORACLE CLIENT
Cadastre Database Server
Cadastre Attributes
Cadastre Files
Line, Point, Poly ID
Line, Point, Poly ID
DESKTOP / ENTERPRISE GIS e.g. ArcView, MapInfo
(Majid, 1999)
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A Dynamic Spatial Web Page
TIER 1
BROWSER
TIER 2
WEB SERVER
SPATIAL DATABASE SERVER
MAP SERVER
TIER 3
CADASTRAL LAYERS
ATTRIBUTE DATABASE
(Majid, 1999)
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Using Wireless Devices
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WAP in Action
These parts are just the same as before!!
(static/dynamic web pages)
www.dcs.napier.ac.uk/ bill/wap_intro.htm
http//www.asiatech.com.au/chapter_ii/chapter_ii_0
2_a.htm
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Looking Ahead..

• Client Side (Tier 1)
• From HTML to XML for presentation
• Browsers with built in spatial plug-ins and
  viewers
• More powerful spatial services and applications
  as bandwidth capabilities increase.
• Logic Tier (Tier 2)
• Distributed Processing Architectures e.g. Web
  Services
• Continued growth in server-side scripting e.g.
  ColdFusion, ASP, JSP
• Data Services (Tier 3)
• Abolishing of gap between spatial DBs and other
  DBs e.g. Oracles Location Based Platform

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Part 3Case StudyAccess in Victoria
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Land Channel

• Victorian Governments primary online portal for
  providing community access to spatial information
  (Currently under review)
• Interactive Map of Victoria
• Cadastre, Water Bodies, Roads, Address
• View and Purchase Property Reports
• Order Titles and Certificates
• Survey Marks Enquiry Service

Based on VicMap Data
http//www.land.vic.gov.au
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The Management and Access Models
Land Vic Web Users
www
FME
Jacoby, 2002
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The Flow of Vicmap Property Data
Vicmap Master
LAND VICTORIA
Jacoby, 2002
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Land Exchange

• Victorian Governments current suite of projects.
  Focussed on enabling core land related government
  services online
• SPEAR
• The Planning process online
• eConveyancing
• Victorian Conceyancing Process Online
• VSCO
• Vendor Statement Certificates Online
• CLSO
• Crown Land Status Online

http//www.landexchange.vic.gov.au
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Part 4Current Access Problemsand how
Technologywill help
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Rights GoodRestrictions Responsibilities
Bad

• Theory suggests LAS should manage all RRRs
  relating to a parcel.
• However, current systems focus only on organising
  Rights (using TENURE theory systems)

Mining Lease
Planning Zone
Land
A Land Parcel
The Cadastre
What about Restrictions and Responsibilities?
How do we administer them?
Heritage Protection Area
Noise Restriction
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• But wait theres more.
• Aboriginal Land Act 1991
• Aboriginal Torres Strait Islanders (Land
  Holding) Act 1985
• Acquisition of Land Act 1991
• Acquisition Of Land Amendment Act 1999
• Administrative Boundaries Terminology Act 1985
• Allan And Stark Burnett Lane Subway Authorisation
  Act 1926
• Ambulance Service Act 1991
• Ambulance Service Amendment Act 1997
• Anzac Square Development Project Act 1982
• Associations Incorporation Act 1981
• Associations Incorporation Amendment Act 1995
• Auctioneers And Agents Act 1971
• Australia And New Zealand Banking Group Limited
  (Nmrb) Act 1991
• Bank Of New Zealand (Transfer Of Undertaking) Act
  1997
• Beach Protection Act 1968
• Body Corporate And Community Management Act 1997
• Brisbane City Council Business And Procedure Act
  1939

Some of the 180 QLD ACTS including RRs over land
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Land Rights Organisation
LAND TENURE THEORY
Organising Theory
Expensive!
PRIVATE
Own Lease Sharecrop Mortgage
PUBLIC
Classifications
COMMON
OPEN ACCESS
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Land Restrictions Responsibilities Organisation
??
Organising Theory
No Theory!
Public ??
??
Private??
Classifications
Global/ International
??
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What does having no model result in?

• Conversations about how to approach restrictions
  and responsibilities are impeded
• No standard model for organization of
  Restrictions and Responsibilities exists.
• Ad hoc responses and solutions are evident.
• Confusion between policy clashes and
  administrative failures.

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How Technology will help.

• Western Australias SLIP Model
• ICT helps provide cheap, centralised and fast
  access to information through web portal
• A shared platform means new datasets and services
  can be plugged in

Information Providers
Information Users
(DLI, 2004)
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Take Home Points

• Sustainable Development and IT advances mean the
  need and demand for access to land information is
  increasing
• Internet and wireless technologies can provide
  cheap ubiquitous access to spatial information
  for public users.
• Interactive Maps can be built and queried using
  standard dynamic web technology.
• Bandwidth and visualisation limitations will be
  overcome with time. Agreeing on business
  partnerships and interoperability standards are
  where the real problems exist.

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Exam Questions

• Why has the need and demand for access to land
  information increased in recent times?
• What technologies are available to the public to
  access land information remotely? Use diagrams
  and case studies to assist your answer.
• Explain how Land Administration Systems can make
  use of ICT to provide access to land information.