From Vision to Reality

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From Vision to Reality

• Thomas J. Doyle
• Director
• Education and Training Services

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Learning Objectives

• Identify how man has used simulation throughout
  history
• Identify the history of the development of
  high-fidelity patient simulators
• Discuss the history of the use of patient
  simulation in nursing prelicensure programs
• Discuss how the METI PNCI can facilitate the
  rapid integration of patient simulation into any
  curriculum

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A History Lesson

• Mans use of simulation

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History of Simulation

• Quintaine, from Latin quintana, was a place where
  warlike exercises took place in the Roman Empire
• Began with the trunk of a tree upon which to
  practice sword strokes
• At first on foot, then in a boat, and from
  horseback

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Use of Simulation

• Simulation is a technique to imitate the behavior
  of a situation by creating another situation
  analogous to that situation
• Movement Aircraft, Trucks, Ships
• Processes Air Traffic Control,
• Patient Care

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Patient SimulationWho is this?
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The First Anesthesia Simulator
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The Human Patient Simulator

• What is it?
• Adult introduced 1994
• Sophisticated software
• Physiological models
• Programmable SCEs
• Automatically responds
• Pediatric mannequin 1999

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Use of High-Fidelity Simulators in Nursing
Education

• Where did it all start?

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The Innovators 1996-1998

• Issenberg (2006) describes these groups as the
  risk takers with the initiative and willingness
  to expend time, effort, and resources in trying
  something radical
• This occurred in the mid to late 1990s primarily
  in the US community colleges

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A Quandry

• The innovators were met with mixed success
• The problem?
• Scenarios had to be developed on their own!

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So Now What?

• The concept of the PNCI is born!

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A Shared Vision

• How can we facilitate the radical transformation
  that is needed in nursing education?
• How can we fast track the use of patient
  simulation in any nursing program?
• How can we address the issue of making the
  simulators easier to use?
• How can we increase the efficiency of faculty as
  they integrate simulation?

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The PNCI is Born

• Could not have happened without Texas Womans
  University--Dallas!

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Early Work

• Work began in July 2003
• TWU faculty had no idea what they were getting
  into!
• Under the leadership of Dr. Judy Johnson-Russell
  they kept to task!
• Took 18 months to flush out the final roadmap
• In the end, 90 SCEs were identified and then
  developed over 3 years

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The PNCI Gets a Passport!

• Where in the world are we going?

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UK PNCI The Beginning

• UK Task Force developed and chaired by Amanda
  Wilford, RN
• Two partner schools in the UK
• University of Glamorgan-Wales
• Thames Valley University-London
• 84 of 90 SCEs from North American product have
  been adapted to meet medical and nursing
  standards
• 6 new SCEs have been developed

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So Where Next?

• The world awaits the adoption of the PNCI!

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Global Development

• Canada
• Adapting US version
• Singapore
• METI will work with 2 SONs to customize product
• China
• Most likely the next major product
  revision/development

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METIs Strategic Goals Related to Nursing

• Other initiatives

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Research Support

• METI plans to support the development of a
  research proposal related to the use of
  simulation and the PNCI
• Partner with 4 university programs
• Develop the proposal
• Possibly seek US national funding for a
  multi-site study

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Practice Based Nursing

• We will begin work on a Program for Critical Care
  Competency this year
• Adapt pre-licensure PNCI for hospital based use
• Begin these Competency Programs in the critical
  care arena
• Move into other areas of practice from there