China 19281935

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China 1928-1935
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Unification of China 1928A second northern
Campaign by Kai-Shek in 1928 unified ChinaThe
Guomindang was more powerful than ever
before.BUT.
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Reality Disunity

• Many provinces were still in rebellion
• 1929-1931 Northern Provinces in turmoil
• Large scale criminal activity even in provinces
  under GMD control
• See Report on Page 10 of Longman!

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Jiangxi Soviet

• By 1928 Mao and the Red Army are forced to flee
  to countryside.
• Mao settles in the Jiangxi province imposing
  there his communist ideology
• Jiangxi becomes known as the Jiangxi Soviet.
• Red Army is rebuilt with local soldiers and
  peasants.
• Red Army instiutes law and order in region
• See page 10-11

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Extermination Campaigns 1930-34

• Kaishek regarded the Jiangxi Soviet more of a
  threat to his authority than either warlords or
  bandits
• 1930-34 Five Extermination Campaigns against CCP
• CCP adopts guerilla type tactics
• Major drawback Civilians suffered (more than a
  million peasants killed!) Mao criticized!

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Chiangs 5th Campaign

• 1933-34 White Army surrounds Red Army in
  Jiangxi.Block House strategy.
• Mao insists in continuing with the past luring
  strategies.
• Otto Braun (Soviet Advicer) suggests retreat plan
  to protect the Red Army.

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The Long March

• On October 1934 86.000 Red Army soldiers set out
  on Brauns retreat plan.
• Troops marched through adverse conditions, many
  of them freezing and starving.
• On November 1934 Red Army meets Guomindang and
  local warlord in their attempt of crossing the
  Xiang River.
• After battling for many hours, the Red Army
  reports 45.000 losses.
• In January 1935 Red Army reaches Zunyi City in
  Guizhou Province
• Zunyi Conference held and Otto Braun is suspended
  and leadership is transfered to Mao Zedong and
  Zhu De.

8
New Aim

• Mao decides the Long March to become a crusade to
  fight Japan instead of a retreat.
• March North, to fight Japan!
• New tactics implemented
• Guomindang and local warlords still a threat.
• Unexpected moves.
• May 1935, Dadu River exploit.
• After thousands of losses Red Army is forced to
  climb the Great Snowy Mountains.

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End of the Long March

• On October 1935 Maos soldiers advanced and
  finally reached their final destination The
  Shaanxi Province
• This stage was known as the end of the Long March
  which lasted for a year, over 10000km.
• In the Shaanxi Province the remaining 10000
  soldiers joined thousands of communists and other
  troops for the further rebuilding of the Red
  Army.
• Once declared the end of the Long March, Mao
  Zedong establishes as the Chinese Communist Party
  leader.
• Moscow recognizes the end of the Long March as a
  triumph.
• Stalin sends Mao a message recognizing him as the
  chief of the CCP.
• Chinese Reds should get closer to the Soviet
  Union. The link up with the Soviet Union may now
  start.

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