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1
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• ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????
• 18.3.2002 ????? ?-100 ??? ??? ????? ??????,
  ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????,
  ?? ???....??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????
  ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???, ???? ??? ?????? ??????
  ?????, ???? ????? ????????? ??????? (????,
  19.3.2002).

3

• ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????, ????? ?????? ??
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  ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????
  '???????' ????? ???????, ????, ?????? ?????? ??
  ??????? ????????? (???, 1998, 313).

4

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• ????? ??????? ???????? (??? ???????, ??? ??????
  ?'????? ????') ????????? ????? ??-???? (????
  ?????? ???????).
  
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• ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????
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7
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8
3 ?????? ?????????? ????????

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  ????. ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????
  - ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???????
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• ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? -
  ???? ??????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ????, ??????
  ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????????? ?? ???? ??????.
  
• ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????
  ??????? - ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????
  ???????? ??????? ????. ?????? ??????? ????
  ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????
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9
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• ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????
  ??-???? ??? ?????? ?????
  
• ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????
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10

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11
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• ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????, ??????, ??? ??
  ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????????
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• ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????
  ????? ???. ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ???
  ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????.
  
• ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????
  ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? -
  ?????? ??????.
  
• ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??
  ??????????? ????? ?????? ???-????? ?????? ?? ??.
  
  
• "??????? ?? ???????" ??? ??? ??????? ???????
  ?????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ?? ?????? ?????
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• ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????
  ?? ???, ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????
  ??????...
  

12
??, ????? ?????????

• ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? (Adorno et al.,
  1950) ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????
  ?????, ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????
  ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????.
• ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????
  ??????? ?????? ???? ?????-???, ???? ?? ???? ???
  ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????????.

13
6 ?????? ??????? ???? ????????

• ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????????
  ?? ??????? ????????? (Adorno et al., 1950),
  ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????
  (Liebman, 1995 Liebman Don-Yehiya, 1984), ????
  ??????????? ?? ??? (Beit-Hallahmi Argyle, 1997
  Niebuhr, 1929 Stark Bainbridge, 1985
  Troeltsch, 1912).
• ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??
  ??????? (Wilson Patterson, 1970 Wilson, 1973),
  ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????? (Adorno
  et al., 1950), ???????? ??????????? ????????? ??
  ?????? ?????? (Wuthnow, 1976a Emmons Sobal,
  1981a Lipset, 1981 Vitulli, 1999), ???????
  ?????????? ?? ????? ????? (Horkheimer Adorno,
  1972).
• '????? ????' ?????? ????????? - ????????
  ???????? ???????????? ?? ?????-??? (Roszak, 1969
  Wuthnow, 1978 Hollinger Smith, 2002), ???????
  ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? (Weber, 1963,
  Troeltsch, 1960 Hugel, 1923 Adler, 1972 Van
  der Leeuw, 1963).

14
6 ?????? ??????? ???? ????????

• 4. ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????
  ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? (Verba et al., 1995),
  ???? ??????????? ?? ??? ?? '????? ??????'
  (Beit-Hallahmi Argyle, 1997 Niebuhr, 1929
  Stark Bainbridge, 1985 Troeltsch, 1912
  Janosik, 1974), ??? ????? (Putnam, 2000), ???????
  ??????? (Pateman, 1970 Dahl, 1971).
• 5. ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? - ????????
  ??????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? (Wuthnow,
  1976a Emmons Sobal, 1981a Lipset, 1981),
  ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ?????
  (Adorno, 1974a 1974b Nederman Goulding,
  1982), ??? ????? (Putnam, 2000), ??????? ???????
  (Pateman, 1970 Dahl, 1971).
• 6. '????? ????' ???????? ???????? ???????????
  ?? ??? (Weber, 1922 1963 Troeltsch, 1960
  Wuthnow, 1978), ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????
  ?????? (James, 1958 Underhill, 1961 Weber,
  1922 1963 Troeltsch, 1960), ??????? ??????????
  ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????
  (Kornhauser, 1959 Smelser, 1962 Parsons, 1971),
  ??? ????? (Putnam, 2000), ??????? ???????
  (Pateman, 1970 Dahl, 1971).

15

• ?????? ?????
• ?????? ????????

16
?????? ????? 1

• 1?. ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???
  ??????????? (????, ??? ?? ???, ???? ?????, ?????
  ????, ????? ?????, ????? ?????) ???? ?????
  ??????? ??????? ??????? (Lipset, 1981
  Beit-Hallahmi Argyle, 1997).
• 1?. ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???
  ??????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????
  (Wuthnow, 1976a Truzzi 1972 1974 Emmons
  Sobal, 1981a Zusne Jones, 1982 Beit-Hallahmi
  Argyle, 1997 Vitulli Luper, 1998 Vitulli et
  al., 1999 Barr et al., 2000).
• 1?. ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???
  ??????????? ???? ????? ?????? '????? ????'
  (Beit-Hallahmi Argyle, 1997 Holliner, 2000
  Hollinger Smith, 2002).

17
?????? ????? 2

• 2?. ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????
  ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????
  ((????)???????? ???????, ????? ?????????, ???????
  ??????? ?????? ????? ???????) (??? ????-??????,
  1998 Adorno et al., 1950 Glock Stark, 1965
  1966 Liebman, 1995 Beit-Hallahmi Argyle,
  1997).
• 2?. ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????
  ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????
  (Adorno et al., 1950 Wilson, 1973 Altemeyer,
  1996 Randall, 1997b).
• 2?. ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? '????
  ???' ???? ????? ?????? ????????? (Cooper, 1971
  Wuthnow, 1978 Hollinger, 1999 Hollinger
  Smith, 2002 Leiser, 2000 ).

18
?????? ????? 3

• 3?. ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????????
  ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? (???????
  ??????? ???????? ???????) (??? ????-??????, 1998
  Beit-Hallahmi Argyle, 1997).
• 3?. ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????
  ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????
  (Troeltsch, 1960 Weber, 1963 Randall, 1997b
  Boy Michelat, 1986 1993).
• 3?. ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? '????? ???'
  ???? ??????? ????? ????????? (Wuthnow, 1978
  Hollinger, 1999).
  

19
?????? ????? 4

• 4?. ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????
  ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????
  (Pateman, 1970 Dahl, 1971 Putnam, 1995 Verba
  et al., 1995 Liebman, 1995).
• 4?. ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????
  ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????
  (Pateman, 1970 Dahl, 1971 Wuthnow, 1978
  Putnam, 1995 Verba et al., 1995).
• 4?. ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????
  ?????? '???? ???' ???? ??????? ???????? (Pateman,
  1970 Dahl, 1971 Wuthnow, 1978 Putnam, 1995
  Verba et al., 1995).

20
????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????
21
?????? ????? ??? ?
22
?????? ????? ??? ?
23

• ????? ?????

24
?????? ???????

• ????? ???????? - ???????? ??????? (Altemeyer,
  1988a) ????? ???????? (Kaase, 1971) ???????
  ??????? (Stouffer, 1955 Sullivan, Pierson,
  Marcus, 1982) ????? ????? ??????? (Campbell et
  al, 1954) ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????
  (Verba et al., 1995 Putnam, 2000).
• ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????
  ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? (??-???? ????, 1979)
  ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????
  ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???????, ????? ?????
  ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? '????? ????' ????? ??
  ????? ????????? ????? (ISSP - International
  Social Survey Program WVS - World Value Survey
  Zulehner Denz, 1993 Hollinger Smith, 2002).

25

• ???? ?????

26
????? ??????

• ????? ???? ????? ???? 122 ????????.
• ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????????
  ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????????, ??????
  ???????? ??????? ?????? (N2224).
  
• ???? ????? ???????-??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????
  ?? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????
  ?????? (N1472).
  
• ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????
  ????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????????,
  ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????-???????
  ?????? ???? (Zulehner Denz, 1993 Holm
  Bjorkqvist, 1996 Hollinger, 1996 Hollinger
  Smith, 2002).

27

• ??????

28
????? ???????..

• ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???
  ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????
  ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????
  ????????? ?????????.
• ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????
  ?????? ?????? ??????? - ????? ?? ??????? ??????
  ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????
  ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????.

29
???? ????? ???????

• ????????? ???????
• ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????
• ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????
• ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??-??????
• ????? ??????? ??????

30
???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????

31
??????? ???????? ??? ??????
32
????? ?????
33
????? ????? ???????
34
2 ?????? ???????

• ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????
  ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? (Biet-Hallahmi
  Argyle, 1997). ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????
  ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ????
  ????? ????? ??????? ???????, ?? ???? ???? ??????
  ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????. ?? ?????
  ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????. ????? ???
  ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????
  ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????. ??? ??
  ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???
  ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?'???? ????'.
• ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????????
  ??????????? ??????-?????????. ?????? ?? ???? ???
  ?? ????????, ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???
  ???? ???????? (?????? ?????, 1977). ?? ????????
  ???????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????
  ??? ??????????? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ?? ???
  ?????? ????? ????? ?????? - ????? ???? ????
  ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ?? ????? ???? ??
  ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? (Zusne Jones, 1982
  Beit-Hallahmi Argyle, 1997).

35
??? 2 ?????? ???????

• 3. ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????
  ????? ???? ????????? ???????, ?? ?? ?????? ??
  ?????? ??. ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????
  ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????????. ???? ??
  ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????
  (Adorno et al., 1950), ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???????
  (Altemeyer, 1996). ????? '????? ????' ????? ???,
  ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????. ???? ??
  ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????? (Wuthnow, 1978)
  ???, ??????? ????? (Hollinger Smith, 2002).
• 4. ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????
  ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????????.
  ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????
  ??????? ????? ????? ?????????. ????? ???, ?????
  ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????. ??????
  ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? (Pateman, 1970
  Dahl, 1971 Putnam, 1995 Verba et al., 1995
  Liebman, 1995). ????? ????? ??????? ??????
  ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????
  ????????. ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??
  ????????? ????, ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? (Wuthnow,
  1978) ??? ???-????? ??????? (Beit-Hallahmi
  Argyle, 1997). ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????
  ??? ????? '????? ????' ???? ??????? ????? ?????
  ?????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????
  ????? ????? ?????? '????? ????' (Wuthnow, 1978
  Heelas, 1996 Hollinger, 1999 Hollinger
  Smith).

36
????? ??????

• ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????. ??????
  ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???????????? ?? ????
  ???????? ?? '????' ????? ???? ??????. ????? ???
  ???????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????
  ??? ????? ???-???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????
  ???????? ??? ?????? ???????. ???? ??? ??????
  ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????
  ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????
  ??????? ?? ?????? ?????, ???? ?????? ??????? ??
  ?????? ?????????.

37
????? ??????

• 2. ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????
  ????? ????????? ???????. ????? ??????? ????????
  ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??
  ????? ????????? ????????. ????? ?????? ???? ????
  ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??
  ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????
  ??????????. ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????
  ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????.
  ????? ??????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??
  ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????????
  ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????
  ?????????.

38
????? ??????

• 3. ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????. ????? ????
  ????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????
  ??????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????,
  ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????
  ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????. ????
  ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???
  ?????? ?? ????? ????????. ?? ?? ???? ???? ???????
  ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????????.
  ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????
  ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????
  ????????. ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????
  ??????????? ?????????????, ?? ???? ????? ???
  ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??
  ??????.

39

• ?????? ?????, ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????

40
???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????

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• ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????
• ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????
• ????? ??? ?????????? ????
• ???? ?????? ????? ???????????????? ??????
  ?????? ????? ??????