dockside

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dockside
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oil tanker
bulk carrier
passenger liner
cargo liner
container liner
container freight liner
conventional liner
express liner
feeder liner
general cargo liner
ocean liner
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repent of wish nonexistent
rue
rue the day when one did sth.
You'll live to rue it.
Britannia rules the waves
Britain is sorry that she has lost her dominance
on the high seas.
Britains merchant fleet is no longer an
important item of news these days
lifeline
anything on which ones life depends
Shipping in Britain has developed into a famous,
profit-making industry.
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peril
exposure to harm or injury imminent danger
at the peril of in peril
All is not lost that's in peril.
He is in peril of his life.
the British fleet faces the danger of being
forced out of the trade as a result of intense
foreign competition.
eastern bloc countries
Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, East
Germany
sell or work at lower prices or wages than
undercut
bent on
strongly inclined or determined
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The social imperialists are bent on keeping the
situation tense in the Middle East.
There is no doubt that they are bent on the
complete destruction of Hitler and Nazism.
the lions share
the largest or best part of sth. when it is
divided
Several beasts joined the lion in a hunt but ,
when the spoil was divided, the lion claimed one
quarter in right of his prerogative, one for his
superior courage, one for his dam and cubs, and
as for the fourth, let who will dispute it with
me. Awed by his frown, the other beasts
silently withdrew.
As usual, the lions share of the budget is for
defense.
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who are determined to control most of the trade
a share/interest, as in property, a person, or a
business venture
stake
The simplest explanation for the Western nations
reluctance to support sanctions is their
considerable economic stake in South Africa.
in which Britain has a big stake
Britain has important interests in these trade
routes
Translate the clause it can in 1914.
big
to a large amount or considerable amount
talk/act big
think big
put in a great deal of money
invested big
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(infml) to obtain a profit or other advantage by
timely exploitation
cash in
the shipping companies took advantage of
government grants and tax concessions.
launch
launch a satellite
launch an attack
launch a new enterprise
many companies which had a long history couldnt
stand the economic strain and went bankrupt.
dodgy
(infml, esp. B. E.) risky and possibly dangerous
shipping conferences have made sea transportation
which in itself involves great danger less risky
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to make a big killing
to rap big profit, to make a large amount of
money suddenly, esp. in business
come through successfully pass safely through
(storm, difficulty)
weather
It was a difficult time for her, but she
weathered through beautifully.
there will not be any rush and struggle to
monopolize the dwindling trade to the exclusion
of others
Our profits have quadrupled in ten years.
charter rates plummeted
the amount of money paid for chartering
oil-tankers dropped drastically
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• marble-sized balls of naphthalene, stored
• with clothes (esp. woolens) to repel moths

moth-ball
2. the state of being stored , or kept in
existence but not used, as of no further use
He keeps his car in mothballs during the winter
months.
We shall have to put this idea in mothballs.
more and more oil tankers all over the world lay
idle
British shipowners had not invested big in the
tanker trade from the very beginning when the
demand of oil was great
a sudden falling off/decline, as in activity,
prices/ business
slump
a stock market slump
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By 1976, the bulk-carrier trade had begun to
suffer because of the slump
1. a region of the ocean near the equator,
characterized by calms, light winds
doldrums
2. a low and sad state of mind a state of
inactivity
The President was relying heavily on his think
tank to shake his Administration out of the
doldrums.
suffering caused by lack of necessary things,
esp. money
pinch
American farmers, feeling the pinch, raised loud
cries of protest.
The Presidents economic sanction against the
Soviet Union should pinch in the months ahead.
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establish securely (used in passive voice/ with a
reflexive pronoun)
entrench
The troops were entrenched near the mountains.
He entrenched himself behind his newspaper.
be entrenched within tradition
that is where Britains fleet is firmly and
securely established/has a firm hold
the going freight rate
currently accepted charge for sending the
specified goods there
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(informal) a welcome or favourable addition
plus
The clear weather was a plus for the golf
tournament.
the plus and minus factors
a float moored in water as a warning of danger
or as a marker for a channel
buoy
ability to recover quickly from setbacks
buoyancy
so long as other industries are not affected and
are still developing in a satisfactory manner
That makes it possible for them to stand a better
chance than
Much of the fleet carries goods between foreign
countries.
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the journey to a (stated) place by train or ship
run
a ship on the San Francisco run
a train on the Beijing-Shanghai run
British companies are doing much business on the
line between Japan and Australia.
the Persian Gulf
(often in pl.) an injurious intrusion on/into
an advance, esp. at another's expense
inroad
on/upon/into
Foreign products have made inroads into the
American economy.
These hospital expenses made inroads on my
savings.
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They are also the routesthe biggest inroads.
They are also the routes on which the Third World
and the Russians are making a determined effort
to take over (to grab) from Britain as much
business as possible.
the status symbol
a sign which sows ones high social position
Developing countries regardafter a national
airline.
Developing countries consider a merchant navy
very important because it is a sign showing that
these countries have become economically strong
and independent, so after they have set up a
national airline, the next thing thy would like
to have is a merchant fleet.
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throw in the towel
admit defeat or failure surrender
sponge
to spend money on those branches with advanced
and complex technology so that Third World
countries cannot afford and are not in a
position to compete
provide (funds) in advance
put up
They finally got a company to put up money for
the new musical.
dockside
is far from being the wholethe Third World threat
this strategy is not at all (by no means) the
complete answer to the Third World threat. This
does not entirely solve the problem
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• to establish/apply as compulsory to apply
• by/as if by authority

impose
on/upon
New duties were imposed on wines and spirits.
2. obtrude or force (oneself, for example) on
another or others
Don't impose yourself on people who don't want
you.
3. vi. to take unfair advantage
You are always imposing on their generosity.
they want to imposeof the shipping trade
they want to pass a series of rules for all the
countries to follow, hoping that in this way
they will be able to get the biggest share of
the trade
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be expressed by means of
find expression in
At home, British outrage found expression in news
headlines.
Growing mutual suspicion found its expression in
increased armaments and the preparation of plans
for war.
Let this plaque serve as an expression of our
esteem.
the United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development
That leaves only 20 per centcross-traders
The cross-traders will have to fight for their
shares of the 20 percent that have been left to
them
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if it does become universal
if it is ratified by most of the countries and
comes into effect
show a satisfactory reason or excuse for sth.
done
justify
A far more serious view was taken of the
situation than was justified.
The course of events fully justifies our views.
Nothing can justify such careless mistakes.
He had justified every expectation.
Neither the growth in Russias trade nor that in
world trade would require ( warrant, demand)
such a rapid development of Russias cargo-liner
fleet would make it necessary for the fleet to
develop so rapidly.
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has already made major inroads into Western trade
has already penetrated (cut ) deeply into Western
trade, that is, has taken over a large part of
the trade carried by Western fleets

• be able to do sth. without causing
• serious problems

afford to
We simply can't afford to offend such an
important customer.
2. have enough money/time to do sth.
They can't afford to buy such an expensive color
TV set.
3. be able to spare or give up
We are almost busy to death now and can't afford
an hour for lunch.
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How can the Russians40 per cent?
How is it possible for the Russians to stand the
loss of lowering the freight rate by 40 percent?
in our sense of the word
how we understand the word
the name of the game
(colloquial) the basic, central, or critical
point of the matter
Well, all right, I said, the name of the game is
trust youve got to trust things.
In the rough and tumble world of professional
basketball, survival is often the name of the
game.
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The phrase comes from the fact that in certain
games, esp. in card games, the games object is
expressed by its name, as in the expression to
get 21.
The thing that really counts (matters) for
Russian ships is foreign currency the true
purpose why the Russians undercut by up to 40
percent is to grab the trade( to squeeze out the
competitors) and earn foreign currency.
What does the word even indicate?
do or provide (sth lacking, needed, not done,
lost or missed)
make up
the loss can be compensated by the Soviet
government in roubles
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there is more to it than that for the Russians
that is not the only purpose of the Russians
The former allies are now sworn enemies. But
there was more to it than that Vietnam has
become Soviet Russias pawn in Southeast Asia.
He turned and went out, cursing his own
stupidity. And yet as he walked towards the
barn, he knew in his heart that there was more
to it than that.
which reach well beyond its perimeters
these ships would undoubtedly make it possible
for the Soviet Union to exert its influence on
countries far from its territory
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1. cause (an image) to appear on a surface
project
project the slide onto a screen
2. get (ideas, feelings, ones presence etc.)
across to others effectively
A singer must learn to project his voice so as to
be heard in a large hall.
A politician must project himself if he wants to
win an election.
project one's country overseas
to project their power at some distance from
their own frontiers
to cause their influence to be felt at places far
away from their own territory
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hydrographic policy
a plan to study and map the oceans with reference
to their navigational and commercial uses
this is also part of a general Soviet
hydrographic policy to map the oceans of the
world
the mapping of the oceans will make its fleet
familiar with the main sea-routes all over the
world this should be considered part of its
expansionist policy
Translate the 25th paragraph.
greatest or smallest amount, degree, etc. of
what is possible
limit
to
Are there no limits to your tolerance?
He will support it to the limit of the resources
at his disposal.
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They would surely fight if pushed to the limit.
There is a limit, can do on its own.
There will be a point where the British
government finds it cannot do any more (finds it
has exhausted its resources).
has been calling for a coordinated response
Britain, West Germany and Demark have asked other
EEC member countries to take joint action to
meet the Russian challenge
the monitoring of Russian ship movements
the watching, following and checking on Russian
ship movements
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the French blocked plans along these lines
the French, because of their close connections
with the Soviet Union, created all kinds of
difficulties to prevent the adoption of plans
that could put into effect countermeasures to
offset the Russian challenge
Shipowners fear that its merchant fleet.
Shipowners fear that those people might be more
concerned about employment in the shipyards than
about saving the British merchant fleet.
produce in quantity without quality to produce
in an abundant automatic manner
churn out
This factory churns out lots and lots of cars a
day.
She churns out romantic novels.
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financial assistance given by one person or
government to another
subsidy
British shipbuilders would raise all the credit
British shipbuilders would be responsible for
securing loans for the Poles
Smaller shipping lines do not have the resources
to diversify
Smaller shipping companies cannot afford to
invest in several different trades so as to make
sure they wont suffer great losses.
when these smaller shipping companies go bankrupt
(are forced out of business), a big part of the
few old industries that have been doing well and
bringing in huge profits will also close down
(stop functioning)