Toinfinitive GERUND

1
To-infinitiveGERUND
2
To-infinitive Gerund

• The to-infinitive after a verb often describes a
  future event.
• Eg after hope, expect, promise, want, the event
  in the to-infintive comes after the activity or
  thought in the main verb
• I hope to see you next week.
• Gerund describes an activity.
• We enjoyed seeing you last weekend.

3

• G1- afford / agree
• G2 learn / need
• G3 ask / decide
• G4 promise / refuse
• G5 expect / fail
• G6 tell / want
• G7 hope / wish
• G8 want / decide

4
afford / agree

• I agree to go to the Beijing trip this summer
  holiday.
• I can afford to buy this picture.
• learn / need
• We should learn to do housework.
• Human need to drink water.

5
Hope / wish

• I hope to meet Beckham in England.
• I wish to fly up high in the sky.
• Want / decide
• I want to do the homework today.
• I decide to buy this book.

6
Expect / fail

• We expect to pass the English exam.
• We failed to do the homework.
• Tell / want
• He wanted to tell her about his feelings.

7
Ask / decide

• I asked my mum to go shopping with me.
• I decided to go hiking this Sunday.
• Promise / refuse
• I promised my mother to finish my homework by
  6pm.
• I refuse to invite Yumiko to my party.

8
No major difference in meaning

• Some verbs can be followed by either the
  to-infinitive or the gerund without any major
  difference in meaning

• Mother Teresa started to live/living in the slums
  of Calcutta from 1948.
• Though she faced many problems, Mother Teresa
  continued to work/working for the poor.

9
Gerund (general), to-infinitive (particular
situation)

• Some verbs are generally followed by the gerund
  when used in a general sense
• The to-infinitive is often used for a particular
  situation.

• (I like swimming) but I dont like to swim (on
  cold days).

10
The Gerund is formed by adding ing to the base
form of a verb.

• swim ? swimming
• eat ? eating
• run ? running

11
The Gerund can be used

• As a noun
• E.g
• Running is my favourite sport. (subject)
• He tried running faster. (object)
• She was afraid of losing. (object of
  preposition)

12
Exercise

• (swim) _________is a very good form of exercise.
• I have some (shop) ______to do this afternoon.
• (learn) _________English takes a long time.

13
After adjectives preposition

• accustomed to capable of
• fond of afraid of
• successful in good at
• tired of interested in
• E.g
• She is accustomed to training for many hours.
• He is good at running the 200 meters race

14
Exercise

• Mary is fond of _______ (sing).
• The boy soon became accustomed to _______ (work)
  hard.
• Are you afraid of _______ (play) the exciting
  electronic games.
• She is never tired of _______ (talk) about her
  clever son.

15

• G1 admit
• G2- avoid
• G3 delayG4-deny
• G5-enjoy
• G6-finish
• G7 keep
• G8-mind

16

• Admit
• My brother admitted breaking the vase.
• Avoid
• I avoid walking on busy streets.
• Delay
• The school delayed opening this morning.

17
finish

• I finish doing my homework.
• Keep
• After 4 hours, he keeps standing there.
• Mind
• Would you mind lending your pen to me.

18
deny

• I deny that I am not good at singing.
• I deny doing a wrong thing
• I deny being late to school every day.
• I deny talking during the lesson.
• Enjoy
• I enjoy playing computer games.

19
After verbs

• admit cant help dislike
• keep try finish
• advise keep enjoy
• appreciate mind avoid
• understand suggest forgive
• E.g
• John has finished repairing his bicycle.
• They enjoy walking in the evening.
• Mary dislikes swimming in winter.

20
Exercise

• He kept ________(run) till the end.
• She enjoys _______ (run) for competition.
• They dislike _______(drive) small cars.
• He avoided ________(answer) my question.
• Would you mind me ________ (smoke) in this room.

21
(No Transcript)
22
Bare infinitive

• Infinitive form without to
• After modal verbs (should, could, must..etc),
  had better and would rather
• We should respect people who are selfless and
  kind.
• Youd better prepare for the interview as youll
  be asked lots of questions.
• Id rather go for a walk.

23
Bare infinitive p111

• 2. After let and make
• Mother Teresa let the poor die in dignity.
• The teacher made him stay behind after school.
• 3. After

She saw a man enter the room. I heard the boys
quarrel with each other.
24
Bare infinitive

• Infinitive form without to
• After modal verbs (should, could, must..etc),
  had better and would rather
• We should respect people who are selfless and
  kind.
• Youd better prepare for the interview as youll
  be asked lots of questions.
• Id rather go for a walk.

25
1 I enjoy to swim.
2 I enjoy swimming.
right

• Which is correct ?

26
1 I want to study .
right
2 I want studying.

• Which is correct ?

27
1 I finish to eat .
2 I finish eating.
right

• Which is correct ?

28
1 I need to study .
right
2 I need studying.

• Which is correct ?

29
1 I hope to study .
right
2 I hope studying.

• Which is correct ?

30
1 I stopped to smoke.
right
2 I stopped smoking.

• Which is correct ?

31
Summary table for to-infinitive and gerund
32
Summary table for to-infinitive and gerund
33
Summary table for to-infinitive and gerund