Nuts and Bolts of Genetically Engineered Crops

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Crop Genetic Engineering Process
5. Transform cultured corn cells
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Transgenic Cell
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DNA-coated gold particles
h e l i u m
Tissue culture cells
Gene Gun
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Gene Gun
Cells blasted with the gold
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Gene Gun
Cells undergo selection
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h e l i u m
Gene Gun
Plants regenerated from tissue culture.
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Gold particle coated with the BT gene
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Gold particle coated with the BT gene
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Gold particle coated with the BT gene
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Chromosomes
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Nucleus
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Silicon carbide fiber coated with DNA
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Cells are shaken vigorously, fiber or wisker
stabs the cell
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You hope the wisker fiber coated with DNA stabs
into the nucleus
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Agrobacterium is a natural genetic engineer
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Agrobacterium invades a plant
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TI plasmid will leave the bacteria
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Go to the nucleus
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And insert into a chromosome
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Event 1
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1000s of genes per chromosome
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Each genes occupies a small part (locus)
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Event 1
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Event 1
One copy of the transgene (cuts in line)
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Event 1
Or. Several copies can insert
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Event 1
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Event 2
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Event 3
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Different Events have differences in
expression.
Event 1
Event 3
Events 1 may have the same gene but give the
plant different levels of resistance
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Event 3
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Event 2
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Event 2
Event 1
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h e l i u m
Gene Gun
Cells undergo selection
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Cell level selection
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Cell level selection only cells with the new
gene can grow
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Cell level selection cells that did not get the
new gene will die
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Cell Division- Chromosomes Replicate
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Cell Division- Chromosomes Replicate
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Transgenic Plant transgene in every cell
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Bt Gene
antibiotic resistance gene
A marker gene
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Bt Gene
antibiotic resistance gene
A marker gene
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Chromosome
Marker Gene
Bt Gene
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Chromosome
Marker Gene
Bt Gene
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Chromosome
Liberty resistance
Bt Gene
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