Principles of first aid

1
(No Transcript)
2
Principles of first aid

• Preserve life

• Airway

• Breathing

• Prevent deterioration

• Stop bleeding

• Treat shock

• Treat other injuries

• Promote recovery

• Reassure

• Relieve pain

• Handle with care

• Protect from harm

3
Action in an emergency

• Assess dangers

• Make safe

• Give emergency aid

• Get help

• Clear up

• Look after yourself

4
The first person at the scene of an incident
should

• Danger

• Response

• Airway

• Breathing

• Make the area safe

• Reassure the casualty and bystanders

• Use bystanders to help

• Prioritise and respond to the immediate
  needs of the casualty

• Send for help

5
As soon as possible

• Inform next of kin, if possible

• Complete reports to include

• Details of the incident

• Location of the incident

• Date and time of the incident

• Who was involved

• What was done

• Who was notified

6
Infection control

• If possible, wear disposable gloves,
  improvise with polythene bags or consider
  whether the casualty can help, eg apply
  pressure to bleeding.

• Remember

• Wash your hands carefully afterwards.

• Clean surfaces with bleach diluted 110
  with water.

• If possible, keep any minor wounds covered
  with a plaster.

• Buy and use a resuscitation face shield.

• Dispose of soiled items appropriately.

7
Recovery position
8
Levels of consciousness

• A Alert will talk but may be drowsy.

• V Responds to Voice responds to
  simple commands, eg open your eyes,
  or may respond to simple questions.

• P Responds to Pain will react
  (eg make a noise) to a pinch on the
  back of the hand.

• U Unresponsive there is no
  response at all.

9
Causes of unconsciousness

• Asphyxia/hypoxia/ near drowning

• Fainting

• Imbalance of heat

• Asthma

• Shock

• Anaphylaxis

• Heart attack/ angina pectoris

• Poisoning

• Stroke

• Seizures

• Head injuries

• Diabetic emergencies

10
Emergency life supportfor adults and children

• Primary survey

Check for danger.
1 Check for response. Speak loudly and clearly
to the casualty. Ask questions like are you all
right?.
If there is no response, shout for help. Do not
leave the casualty.
11
Emergency life supportfor adults and children
2 Open the airway.
3 Check for normal breathing. Look, listen and
feel.
12
Emergency life supportfor adults and children
4 If breathing normally, place in the recovery
position.
CALL THE EMERGENCY SERVICES
13
Emergency life supportfor adults and children

• Basic life support

For children It can be more beneficial to give
five initial breaths followed by cycles of 302
compressions and breaths. One-handed
compressions may be more suitable.
Carry out a primary survey

• Danger

• Response

• Airway

• Breathing

CALL THE EMERGENCY SERVICES
14
Emergency life supportfor adults and children
1 If not breathing normally, start CPR with 30
chest compressions.
2 Open the airway.
15
Emergency life supportfor adults and children
3 Give two rescue breaths.
Continue with 30 compressions and two rescue
breaths until

• Qualified help arrives to take over.

• The casualty starts to breathe normally.

• You become too exhausted to continue.

16
Chain of survival
17
Shock causes

• Fluid loss bleeding, burns, severe
  diarrhoea or vomiting

• Cardiac problems heart attack,
  electrocution

• Anaphylaxis severe allergic reaction to
  stings, types of food, environmental
  features, poisons

18
Shock signs and symptoms

• Pale, cold, clammy skin

• Weak, dizzy, light-headed

• Nausea or vomiting

• Thirsty

• Yawning

• Anxiety or irrational behaviour

• Rapid, weak pulse

• Rapid, shallow breathing

• Dropping level of consciousness

19
Shock treatment

• Treat the cause and prevent the condition
  getting worse by

• Correct positioning of the casualty

• Reassurance

• Keeping the casualty fairly warm

• Monitoring breathing if necessary

• Do not give anything to eat or drink

20
Bleeding

• Direct pressure

• Elevate

• Dress

21
Slings
Elevation sling
22
Slings
Arm sling
23
Choking
24
Heart attack position
25
Fractures
26
Nose bleeds
27
Duty of care for other peoples children
Whilst first aiders would not normally give
medication, youth leaders working with other
peoples children have a duty of care equivalent
to that of a responsible parent
They are often required to look after or carry
medicines for young children and sometimes need
to administer them
Leaders should always seek parental permission
before doing so
28
First aid kits
A guide to the contents of a kit

• 1 pair of disposable non-latex protective
  gloves

• 20 individually wrapped sterile adhesive
  dressings

• 2 sterile eye pads

• 4 individually wrapped triangular bandages,
  preferably sterile

• 6 safety pins

• 6 medium-sized (approximately 12cm x 12cm)
  individually wrapped sterile unmedicated wound
  dressings

29
First aid kits

• Guidance leaflet (a leaflet supplied with the
  kit or that you make yourself which includes
  brief instructions on emergency treatment)

You may like to include

• Resuscitation shield

• Scissors

• Extra gloves

• Adhesive tape

• Steripods

• Individually wrapped moist cleaning wipes for
  the first aiders hands

30
(No Transcript)