... who have made this 'Ancient Greek and Roma

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The Mexico Middle School and 6th grade social
studies teacher Jeff Baum, thank the following
sponsors who have made this Ancient Greek and
Roman Gods/Goddesses Museum a reality. Due to
their sponsorship of coins, suggestions and
advice in creating this museum our students will
be able to obtain valuable hands on experiences
from the Ancient World some 2000 years ago.

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Greek Gods Goddesses Family Tree
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Roman Gods Goddesses Family Tree

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ZEUSZeuV Roman Name Jupiter

• Zeus was the supreme god of the Olympians.
  He was the father of the heroes Perseus and
  Heracles, the latter of whom once wrestled him to
  a draw. Zeus was the youngest son of the Titans
  Cronus and Rhea. When he was born, his father
  Cronus intended to swallow him as he had all of
  Zeus's siblings Poseidon, Hades, Hestia, Demeter
  and Hera. But Rhea hid the newborn in a cave on
  Mount Dicte in Crete. When he had grown up, Zeus
  caused Cronus to vomit up his sisters and
  brothers, and these gods joined him in fighting
  for control of the universe from the Titans and
  Cronus, their king. Having vanquished his father
  and the other Titans, Zeus imprisoned most of
  them in the underworld of Tartarus. Then he and
  his brothers Poseidon and Hades divided up
  creation. Poseidon received the sea as his
  domain, Hades got the Underworld and Zeus took
  the sky. Zeus also was accorded supreme authority
  on earth and on Mount Olympus.

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HERAHraRoman Name Juno
Hera was the goddess of marriage. She was
the wife of Zeus and Queen of the Olympians.
Hera hated the great hero Heracles since he was
the son of her husband Zeus and a mortal woman.
When he was still an infant, she sent snakes to
attack him in his crib. Later she stirred up the
Amazons against him when he was on one of his
quests. On the other hand, Hera aided the hero
Jason, who would never have retrieved the Golden
Fleece without her sponsorship. In Greek
mythology, Hera was the reigning female goddess
of Olympus because she was Zeus's wife.
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POSEIDONPoseidwnRoman Name Neptune
Poseidon was the god of the sea,
earthquakes and horses. Although he was
officially one of the supreme gods of Mount
Olympus, he spent most of his time in his watery
domain. Poseidon was brother to Zeus and Hades.
These three gods divided up creation. Zeus was
ruler of the sky, Hades had dominion of the
Underworld and Poseidon was given all water, both
fresh and salt. Poseidon was known to drive his
chariot through the waves in unquestioned
dominance. Poseidon had married a sea-nymph
Amphitrite. The Olympians agreed that the earth
itself would be ruled jointly, with Zeus as king.
This led to a number of territorial disputes
among the gods.
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HADES AdhVRoman Name Pluto
The god Hades, son of the Titans Cronus
and Rhea, received the Underworld for his realm,
when his brother gods, Zeus and Poseidon,
received dominion of the sky and sea. The
Cyclops gave Hades the helmet of invisibility to
help in the gods' battle with the Titans.
Perseus later borrowed this helmet to decapitate
Medusa. The name Hades means "The Invisible."
Hades is the enemy of all life, gods, and men.
Hades has a watchdog Cerberus, the key to the
Underworld and a two-pronged pick-axe. The most
familiar myth about Hades is the story of the
abduction of Persephone by Hades.
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HESTIAEstiaRoman Name Vesta
HESTIA was the goddess of the hearth and
the home. As the goddess of the family hearth
she also presided over the cooking of bread and
the preparation of the family meal. In myth
Hestia was the first born child of Kronos and
Rhea who was swallowed by her father at birth.
Zeus later forced the old Titan to disgorge
Hestia and her siblings. As the first to be
swallowed she was also the last to be disgorged,
and so was named as both the eldest and youngest
of the six Kronides. When the gods Apollo and
Poseidon sought for her hand in marriage, Hestia
refused and asked Zeus to let her remain single.
He agreed and she took her place at his royal
hearth.
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DEMETERDhmhthrRoman Name Ceres
Demeter was the goddess of agriculture.
She was the sister of Zeus and the mother of
Persephone. Persephone was gathering flowers in
a meadow one day when a huge crack opened up in
the earth and Hades, King of the Dead, emerged
from the Underworld. He seized Persephone and
carried her off in his chariot, back down to his
realm below, where she became his queen. Demeter
was heartbroken. She wandered the length and
breadth of the earth in search of her daughter,
during which time the crops withered and it
became perpetual winter. At length Hades was
persuaded to surrender Persephone for one half of
every year, the spring and summer seasons when
flowers bloom and the earth bears fruit once
more. The half year that Persephone spends in
the Underworld as Hades' queen coincides with the
barren season.
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PERSEPHONEPersefonhRoman Name Persipina
PERSEPHONE was the goddess queen of the
underworld, wife of the god Hades. She was also
the goddess of spring growth, who was worshipped
alongside her mother Demeter. Once upon a time
when she was playing in a flowery meadow,
Persephone was seized by Hades and carried off to
the underworld as his bride. Her mother Demeter
despaired at her disappearance and searched for
her throughout the world. When she learned that
Zeus had conspired in her daughter's abduction
she was furious, and refused to let the earth
fruit until Persephone was returned. Zeus
consented, but because the girl had tasted of the
food of Hades, she was forced to forever spend a
part of the year with her husband in the
underworld. Her annual return to the earth in
spring was marked by the flowering of the meadows
and the sudden growth of the new grain. Her
return to the underworld in winter, conversely,
saw the dying down of plants and the halting of
growth.
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ATHENAAqhna Roman Name Minerva
Athena is the goddess of crafts, domestic
arts and also those of war. She was the patron
goddess of Athens. Her symbol was the owl. She
had come to be regarded as a goddess of wisdom.
Zeus was once married to Metis, a daughter of
Ocean who was renowned for her wisdom. When
Metis became pregnant, Zeus was warned by Earth
that a son born to Metis would overthrow him,
just as he had taken his own father's throne. So
Zeus swallowed Metis. In time he was overcome
with a splitting headache and summoned help from
the craftsman god Hephaestus. Hephaestus cleaved
Zeus's forehead with an ax, and Athena sprang
forth fully armed.
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APOLLO Apollwn Roman Name Apollo
Apollo was the god of prophesy, music and
healing. Like most of his fellow Olympians,
Apollo did not hesitate to intervene in human
affairs. When someone died suddenly, he was said
to have been struck down by one of Apollo's
arrows. Homer's epic of the Trojan War begins
with the god causing a plague by raining arrows
down upon the Greek camp. As god of music,
Apollo is often depicted playing the lyre. He
did not invent this instrument, however, but was
given it by Hermes in compensation for cattle
theft. Some say that Apollo did invent the lute,
although he was best known for his skill on the
lyre.
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ARTEMISArtemiVRoman Name Diana
Artemis was the goddess of the hunt. She
helped women in childbirth but also brought
sudden death with her arrows. Artemis and her
brother Apollo were the children of Zeus and
Leto. In some versions of their myth, Artemis
was born first and helped her mother to deliver
Apollo. Artemis is generally depicted as a young
woman clad in buckskins, carrying a bow and a
quiver of arrows. She is often accompanied by
wild creatures such as a stag or she-bear.
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HEPHAESTUSHfaistoVRoman Name Vulcan
Hephaestus was the lame god of fire and
crafts. He was a blacksmith. Hephaestus was the
son of Zeus and Hera or, in some accounts, of
Hera alone. He limped because he was born lame,
which caused his mother to throw him off Mount
Olympus. Or in other accounts he interceded in a
fight between Zeus and Hera, and Zeus took him by
the foot and threw him from Olympus to the earth
far below. Hephaestus also created the first
woman, Pandora, at the command of Zeus, in
retaliation for the various tricks by which the
Titan Prometheus had benefited mortal men at the
expense of the gods.
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APHRODITEAfrodithRoman Name Venus
Aphrodite was the goddess of love, beauty
and fertility. She was also a protectress of
sailors. The poet Hesiod said that Aphrodite was
born from sea-foam. Homer, on the other hand,
said that she was the daughter of Zeus and Dione.
The love goddess was married to the homely
craftsman-god Hephaestus. She was unfaithful to
him with Ares, and Homer relates in the
Odyssey how Hephaestus had his revenge.
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EROSErwVRoman Name Cupid
EROS was the mischievous god of love and
constant companion of the goddess Aphrodite. It
was Eros who lighted the flame of love in the
hearts of the gods and men, armed either with a
bow and arrows or else a flaming torch. He was
also the object of cult. Eros was often
portrayed as a child, the disobedient, but the
fiercely loyal, son of Aphrodite.
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HERMESErmhVRoman Name Mercury
Hermes was the messenger of the gods and
guide of dead souls to the Underworld. A
prankster and inventive genius from birth, Hermes
aided the heroes Odysseus and Perseus in their
quests. Hermes was the son of Zeus and a
mountain nymph. Hermes was known for his
helpfulness to mankind. When Perseus set out to
face the Gorgon Medusa, Hermes aided him in the
quest. According to one version of the myth, he
loaned the hero his own magic sandals, which
allowed the wearer the ability to fly. Some say
that Hermes loaned Perseus a helmet of
invisibility as well.
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DIONYSOSDionusoV Roman Name Bacchus

• The god of wine. Dionysos was the son of Zeus
  and the mortal heroine Semele. Dionysos rescued
  Ariadne after she had been abandoned by Theseus.
  Dionysos also saved his mother from the
  Underworld, after Zeus showed her his true nature
  as storm god and consumed her in lightning. It
  was Dionysos who granted Midas the power to turn
  whatever he touched into gold, then was kind
  enough to take the power back when it proved
  inconvenient.

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ARESArhVRoman Name Mars
Ares was the god of war. Though an
immortal deity, he was beaten by Heracles in
battle and was almost killed when stuffed into a
jar by two giants. In appearance, Ares was
handsome and cruel. He is often depicted
carrying a bloodstained spear. His throne on
Mount Olympus was said to be covered in human
skin. The Roman god Mars, with whom Ares was
identified, was the father of Romulus and Remus,
the mythological founders of Rome. Thus he was
more important to the Romans than his Greek
counterpart. He was also more dignified.
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HELIOSHlioVRoman Name Sol
HELIOS was the Titan god of the sun. He
was also the guardian of oaths and the god of
gift of sight. Helios was depicted as a
handsome, and usually beardless, man clothed in
purple robes and crowned with the shining aureole
of the sun. His sun-chariot was drawn by four
steeds, sometimes winged. Helios was identified
with several gods including fiery Hephaestus and
light-bringing Apollo.
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SATURNRoman Name Saturn
Saturn was a major Roman god of
agriculture and harvest. In medieval times he
was called the Roman God of Agriculture, Justice
Strength, in his right hand he would hold a
sickle in his left hand he would hold a bunch
of wheat stalks. Saturn was the father of Ceres,
Jupiter, and Veritas, among others. Saturn had a
temple on the Forum Romanum which contained the
Royal Treasury. Saturn is the namesake of
Saturday (dies Saturni), the only day of the week
to retain its Roman name in English.
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ASKLEPIOSAsklhpioVRoman Name Aesculapius
Asklepios (or Asclepius) was the god of
medicine and reputed ancestor of the Asklepiades,
the ancient Greek doctors' guild. He was the son
of Apollon and the Trikkaian princess Koronis.
His mother died in labour and was laid out on the
pyre to be consumed, but his father rescued the
child, cutting him from her womb. From this he
received the name Asklepios "to cut open." The
boy was raised by the kentauros (centaur) Kheiron
who instructed him in the art of medicine.
Asklepios grew so skilled in the craft that he
was able to restore the dead to life. However,
because this was a crime against the natural
order, Zeus destroyed him with a thunderbolt.
Asklepios was depicted as a kindly, bearded man
holding a serpent-entwined staff.
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HeraklesHrakl?? Roman Name Hercules
Heracles is the son Zeus and Alcmene. His
gift was fabulous strength he strangled two
serpents in his cradle, and killed a lion before
manhood. Heracles' main opposition was Hera.
She drove him mad, so he killed his children and
brother's. He exiled himself and consulted the
oracle of Apollo. The oracle told him to perform
twelve labors. These twelve labors were Kill
the lion of Nemea. Kill the nine-headed Hydra.
Two new heads would grow on the Hydra from each
fresh wound, and one was immortal. Heracles
burned the eight and put the immortal one under a
rock. Capture the Ceryneian Hind. Kill the wild
boar of Erymanthus. Clean the Augean Stables of
King Augeas. He succeeded only by diverting a
nearby river to wash the muck away. Kill the
carnivorous birds of Stymphalis. Capture the
wild bull of Crete. Capture the man-eating mares
of Diomedes. Obtain the girdle of Hippolyta, the
queen of the Amazons. Capture the oxen of Geryon.
Take the golden apples from the garden of the
Hesperides, which was guarded by the dragon
Ladon. Heracles tricked Atlas into getting he
apples by offering to hold the Earth for Atlas.
When he returned with the apples, Heracles asked
him to take the Earth for a moment so he could go
get a pillow for his aching shoulders. Atlas did
so, and Heracles left with his apples. Bring
Cerberus, the three-headed dog of Hades, to the
surface world.
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HygeiaUgeia Roman Name Salus

Hygeia was a daughter of Asclepius and
granddaughter of Apollo. She was the goddess of
health, cleanliness and sanitation and
afterwards, the moon. She also played an
important part in her father's cult. While her
father was more directly associated with healing,
she was associated with the prevention of
sickness and the continuation of good health.
Her name is the source of the word "hygiene".
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TelesphorosTelesforoV

Telesphoros was a son of Asclepius. He
frequently accompanied his sister, Hygieia. He
was a dwarf whose face was always covered with a
cowl. He wore a Phrygian cap and sometimes held
a scroll or tablet in his hands. He symbolized
recovery from illness, as his name means
"bringing fulfillment" in Greek. He likely
originated circa 100 AD in Pergamon as part of
the large Asclepian cult there.
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SecuritasRoman Name Securitas

Securitas was a Roman goddess who was the
personification of security and stability,
especially the security of the Roman Empire.
Romans were convinced that the goddess would
guarantee the safe continued existence of the
empire. Securitas is usually depicted leaning on
a column or seated.
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PanPan

Pan was the god of shepherds and flocks, of
mountain wilds, hunting and rustic music. He was
depicted as a man with the horns, legs and tail
of a goat, and with thick beard, snub nose and
pointed ears. He wandered the hills and
mountains of Arkadia playing his pan-pipes and
chasing Nymphs. His unseen presence aroused
feelings of panic in men passing through the
remote, lonely places of the wilds.