Greenhouse Management

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Greenhouse Management

• History

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Romans 500 BC

• Emperor Tiberius- called for growing of
  cucumbers
  
• Use of mica sheets
• Underground cauldrons to generate heat through
  wall ducts

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Dutch

• Use of charcoal braziers/burners to generate
  heat
  
• Leaders in shipping, foremost sea power.
• Amsterdam worlds leading commercial city.
• 1600s Golden Age
• Today, largest GH industry in the world.

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Europe

• 1700 - English used heating frames to hold
  fermenting manure for heating
  
• Utilized the roof angle at 45 degrees to maximize
  exposure to suns rays along with wood burning
  stoves.
  
• 1851 - Crystal Palace led to building of many
  botanical/conservatories.

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America

• 1710 First documented greenhouse in Boston
• 1730 Virginia
• 1830 Use of hot air flutes to channel heat,
  also the use of hot water. Crops grown were
  orchids, ferns and some tropicals.
  
• Glass imported from France

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America (contd)

• Late 1830s increased building of greenhouses.
  
  
• Use of hot water became more popular
• Use of glass and steel.
• Glassmajor improvement
• 1850s Craze for blue glass (?) Thought to be
  healthful for plants(?)

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Current Greenhouse Utilization

• 90 Florist Crops
• 10 Vegetable Crops

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Greenhouse

• Refers to a structure covered with a transparent
  material to admit natural light for plant growth.
  May also include artificial heat. (US
  definition)
• Structure admitting natural light but not heated
  (European definition). Also referred to as
  Glasshouse.
  

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Greenhouse Structures

• Even Span
• A- Frame (free standing or gutter connected)
• Quonset (free standing or gutter connected)
• Uneven span
• Lean-to
• Uneven span
• Saw-tooth (Gutter connected)

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Advantages of Free Standing GHs

• Isolate specific crops
• Easy to control and isolate pests
• Provide more varied environments

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Disadvantages of Free Standing GHs

• More expensive to maintain due to
• More exposed area
• Difficult to supervise labor
• Inefficient use of land

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Adv. Of Gutter Connected GHs

• More economical in terms of GH space
  utilization.
  
• Less structural materialsi.e. no side walls.
• Better supervision of labor.
• Possible to isolate sections.

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Disadv. Of Gutter Connected

• Harder to isolate pest outbreaks.
• Difficult to grow crops with different cultural
  requirements.
  

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Greenhouse Shapes

• A-Frame
• Quonset
• Lean-to
• Uneven Span
• Gutter Connected
• A-Frame
• Quonset
• Sawtooth

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A- Frame (Hobby)
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A-Frame (Commercial)
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A-Frame Connected
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Quonset-Gutter Connected
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Arch/Gothic
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Sawtooth
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Structural Components

• Ridge
• Ventilator
• Vent
• Purlin
• Eave
• Rafter
• Sash Bar
• Side Post
• Sill

• Strut
• Chord
• Curtain/Foundation Wall
• Bar Cap
• Gutter
• Knee Brace
• Cross-tie
• Bottom Chord

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Truss Design
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Covering Materials

• Film Covering
• Polyethylene
• Vinyl
• Polyester
• Polyvinyl Fluoride
• Rigid Covering Materials
• Glass
• Fiberglass Reinforced Panels (FRP)
• Polyvinyl Chloride
• Acrylic
• Polycarbonate

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Site Selection

• Construction
• Location
• Room for Expansion
• Topography
• Land Use Prediction

• Climate
• Labor supply
• Accessibility
• Water
• Orientation

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Floor Plans

• Quantity of crops to be grown
• Bench types and arrangements/configuration
• Heating elements
• Location of post/support structures
• Concrete floors