Underground Gammaray Spectrometry in HADES

1
Underground Gamma-ray Spectrometry in HADES
Mikael Hult
Institute for Reference Materials and
Measurements (IRMM) Geel, Belgium http//www.irmm
.jrc.be http//www.jrc.cec.eu.int
2
Personnel involved in ILIAS activities - status
1st half of 2005

• Uwe Wätjen (D), Sector Head Radionuclide
  Metrology, in EUROMET Technical Committee
  Ionising Radiation, CCRI Section II
• Mikael Hult (S), Group leader low-level
  measurements, co-ordinator of CELLAR,
• Gerd Marissens (B), Chief technician
• Joël Gasparro (F), Post doc. Fellow
• Werner Preusse (D), Visiting scientist

3
The EU Institutions
Committee of the Regions
Court of Auditors
European Parliament
The Council of Ministers
Economic and Social Committee
The European Commission (the College of
Commissioners)
SG
RELEX
ENTR
ENV
SANCO
JRC
RTD
...
...
...
.
...
...
...
.
Directorates General the Commission services
IHCP
IRMM
IPSC
..
IPTS
JRC Institutes
JRC can apply for funding from DG RTD like any
other institution. The only restriction is that
JRC persons are not allowed to co-ordinate
indirect actions
4
Structure of the DG-JRC
5
Olen Geel Mol - Dessel
6
5 km
SCKCEN VITO ( HADES)
IRMM
Umicore
Canberra Semiconductor
7
Nearby facilities

• Canberra Semiconductor for HPGe detector
  assemblies
• Umicore for Ge crystal growth
• IRMM for radioactivity measurements (low-level
  or high accuracy)
• IRMM other facilities LINAC, Van de Graaff,
  reference facilities in analytical chemistry etc.
• SCK HADES, 2 research reactors and analytical
  facilities

8
GELINA the Geel Linear Accelerator
Neutron measurements with very high energy
resolution using time-of-flight technique
9
IRMM core competences research areas

• Core competences
• Food analysis bio-analysis
• Reference materials
• Chemical/isotopic reference measurements
• Radionuclide metrology
• Neutron physics (LINAC, VdG)

• Applied in the fields of
• Food safety and quality
• Biotechnology and health
• Environment
• Nuclear safeguards
• Nuclear safety
• Nuclear waste treatment

10
HADES High Activity Disposal Experimental Site
11
(No Transcript)
12
Detectors in HADES

• Ge-8 is ordered (high resolution low
  background at low energies)
• Ge-4 and Ge-7 will be placed in the same shield
  to form a sandwich detector

13
Gamma-ray background spectrum
14 cm lead 8 cm Cu
HADES 500 m w.e.
500
2000
1000
1500
Gamma-ray energy (keV)
14
General comments on materials Variability
between batches If you want to have a ULB HPGe
you need to select the materials yourself and
have the detector tested in a reputable deep
underground laboratory very near to a
manufacturer.
15
Ge-production (i)
1) Raw material residue from e.g. Zn-ore with
3-5 Ge
Zn-plant Balen?
2) Reduction of Ge-oxide
3) Zone-refinement

• Measurements
• Resistivity
• Hall
• DLTS

Resistivity measurement
4) Czochralski growth
16
Ge-production (ii)
17
65Zn
g-energy 1115 keV
Binding E (Cu) 8.98 keV
Gamma-ray energy (keV)
18
What is underground?
19
Attenuation of radiation in earths crust
10-1
muons
HADES
Secondary neutrons
10-2
10-3
Neutrons produced in lead by muons
Intensity cm-2 s-1
10-4
Neutrons from fission and (a,n)
10-5
1
0.1
10
100
1000
Depth (meter water equivalent)
Source Gerd Heusser
20
Low-level measurements a growing field!
JET
Ref.measurements
Isotopic fingerprints
Tokai-mura
Hiroshima
Decay data
Safeguards
Radiation Protection
Neutrinos / bb
Small samples
High temporal resolution
Benchmarking
Fast measurements
Radiopurity for detector construction
14 ISST Nova Gorica, 2005
21
Why is this a current issue?
Development in germanium detector technology
14 ISST Nova Gorica, 2005
22
Source Physics World, January 2004, Controlled
Fusion the Next Step By Gia Tuong Hoang and
Jean Jacquinot
JET
14 ISST Nova Gorica, 2005
23
Collaboration of European Low-level underground
LAboRatories
Mission To promote higher quality and
sensitivity in ultra low-level radioactivity
measurements for the improvement of crisis
management, environment, health and consumer
protection standards of Europe.
24
CELLAR-Partners

• LSCE - France (-2200 m)
• LNGS - Italy (-1700 m)
• PTB - Germany (-925 m gt -415 m)
• IRMM - EU (-225 m)
• University of Iceland (-165 m)
• VKTA - Germany (-50 m)
• IAEA-MEL - Monaco
• MPI-Heidelberg - Germany (-10 m)
• ARC-Seibersdorf Austria (- 2 m)
• associated partners

25

• CELLAR-actions
• Setting up of a programme (in close
• contact with ICRM LLWG) involving
• actions like
• Joint purchase and underground
• storage of electrolytic copper. Testing of
  equipment.
• Travelling detector - study of background at
  different laboratories using one detector to
  better optimise construction of detectors made
  from Ge, NaI and CsI
• Intercomparisons of low-levels of activity
  (crisis management and international equivalence)
  
• Joint publications describing state of the art,
  applications areas and future development

26
There is still work to do!
Low background - above ground
Felsenkeller
Gran Sasso
ASSE/UDO
Modane
HADES
27
The future
28
Will some wealth from HADES reach ILIAS?
YES -If we can do like only Heracles succeeded
before .....