Attachment

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• Deprivation
• And
• Privation

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• What can separate young children from their
  attachment figures?
• Work
• Illness
• Divorce
• Death
• .

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• Short-Term Effects of Separation
• Robertson Bowlby (1952) Children separated
  because of mothers illness sometimes showed
• Protest crying sometimes panic
• Despair Loss of hope child is apathetic,
  little interest in surroundings, self-comfort
  behaviours
• Detachment child seems less distressed and does
  not respond to caregiver when re-united. RB
  thought the lack of distress was a disguise of
  true feelings
• Known as PDD Model

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• Strengths/Limitations of the PDD Model (Robertson
  Bowlby)

- Does not take into account Individual
differences - attachment style Would a securely
attached child respond better/worse than an
insecurely attached child?
Helped us implement a helping process for young
children who are separated from caregivers
because of hospital treatment, by Preparing
them for the experience Allowing parent to stay
with child in hospital or having more liberal
hospital visiting hours Talking about what
happened
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• Does Separation have to be harmful?
• Robertson Robertson (1971) Cared for several
  separated young children in their own home. They
  made sure they
• Familiarised child with new surroundings before
  separation
• Provided similar daily routine
• Discussed childs mother with them
• Compared this group with children cared for in a
  residential nursery

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• When is Separation a problem?

Could bond disruption lead to behaviour problems
later? 44 Thieves study Juvenile
Delinquency Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis
Bowlby thought that any separation could be
detrimental long- term
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A Question of Degree?

• Separation short-term and with good substitute
  care may not result in bond disruption or any
  permanent problems
• Deprivation and Privation may be another matter

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Deprivation When a child has formed an important
attachment but is then separated long-term from
the major attachment figure
Privation When a child never formed a close
attachment in the first place
Evidence Spitz Goldfarb orphanage
studies Widdowson Genie (Curtiss 1989) Identical
twins in a cellar (Koluchova 1976)
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• Deprivation
• Rutter Bowlby
• said said

Compare Rutters criticisms of Bowlbys work and
theories of Deprivation.
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• Privation
• Bowlbys suggested that the negative effects of
  maternal deprivation could not be reversed or
  undone!!
• EVIDENCE DOES NOT SUPPORT THIS
• Hodges Tizard (1977) dispute this in their
  longitudinal study on children in care. They
  followed a group of 65 children who were taken
  into care before they were four months old. They
  had an average of 50 different caregivers by the
  time they were 4.
• Cognitive development did not seem to be
  affected.
• What happened next?

Adopted How many?
Natural homes How many?
Institution How many?
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• Key Findings of Hodges Tizard
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• Conclusion

What do you think?