Future Energy Production and Utilization Strategies

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Future Energy Production and Utilization
Strategies

• M. Kawaji
• Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Applied
  Chemistry
• Energy Showcase, University of Toronto
• June, 2008

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Sustainable Energy Technologies

• Stop climate change by reducing consumption of
  fossil fuels and emission of GHG
• Sustainable energy technologies
• Nuclear, Solar, Wind, Ocean, Geothermal Power
• Biofuels from biomass
• Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
• Electric vehicles
• Electrochemical Energy Storage
• Energy Efficiency and Conservation
• Clean Coal with CO2 Capture and Sequestration

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• Produce more electricity from CO2 emission- free
  sources
• Nuclear
• Solar and wind large batteries
• Small and large electricity storage systems
• Plug-in hybrid cars and all electric vehicles
• Store off-peak electricity to be used in peak
  hours
• Enable renewable energy sources (intermittent)

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Source of Electricity in Canada
Electricity Generation in Canada, 2003
Total 567 TW.h (Source CEA)

• Ontario (2005), Nuclear - 51, Hydro - 22, Coal
  - 19, Natural gas - 7, Other - 1
• Quebec (2002), Hydro - 96.7, Nuclear - 2.3, Oil
  - 0.5, Biomass - 0.3, Natural gas - 0.2, Wind
  - 0.1
• Alberta (2008), Coal - 48.8, Natural gas -
  38.4, Hydro - 7.1, Wind - 4.1, Biomass - 1.5

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Source of Electricity in the US
3821 billion kW-hrs (2005)

• By 2030, US demand for electricity is expected to
  grow by 40

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Renaissance of Nuclear Energy
nuclear energy is the only large-scale,
cost-effective energy source that can reduce
emissions while continuing to satisfy a growing
demand for power and these days it can do so
safely by Patrick Moore, Greenpeace
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Nuclear power

• 250 PWRs, 100 BWRs, 30 CANDU reactors
  operating and 34 reactors under construction
  around the world
• 2 new reactors to be constructed in Ontario at
  Darlington
• New reactors in Alberta and Saskatchewan?
• In the US, 100 reactors currently operating and
  22 COL applications already filed or will soon be
  filed with USNRC for constructing 30 advanced
  reactors by 2030

• ACR-1000 by AECL
• ABWR by GE, Hitachi and Toshiba (Design
  certification completed)
• AP-1000 by Westinghouse (certification completed)
• ESBWR by GE-Hitachi (applied)
• US-EPR by Areva (applied)
• US-APWR by Mitsubishi Heavy Industry (applied)

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Nuclear Energy of Total Electricity
2006 Potential for Increased Deployment
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Future Opportunities and Challenges for Nuclear
Energy
From DOEs Gen. IV Nuclear Energy Initiative
Program
ACR-1000 ESBWR AP-1000 US-EPR, US-APWR

• Opportunities
• Growing demand for electricity (40 increase
  expected in the next 20 years)
• Sharp increases in prices of natural gas and oil
• Increased emphasis on environmentally clean energy

• Challenges
• Regulatory uncertainty
• Financing
• Availability of human capital
• Nuclear waste management

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ACR1000

• Advanced CANDU reactor at 1200 MWe

• Use of light water as primary coolant
• Enhanced safety due to negative void
  coefficient, passive shutdown and passive safety
  systems
• Can burn other fuel types such as mixed oxides
  (MOX) and thorium fuels
• Approximately 60 reduction in spent fuel
  quantities

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Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (ESBWR)

• A new design by GE-Hitachi
• Natural circulation cooling of a reactor core
• Passive safety systems

Chimney
from GE-Hitachi
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Spent Nuclear Fuel

• On-site dry storage capacity available for gt 50
  years
• Ultimate disposal sites and technologies can be
  developed and tested in time
• Reprocessing and recycling technologies are
  available

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Energy from RenewablesCarbon-free but
Intermittent
(from S. Banerjee, 2008)
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Thank you.
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US ENERGY PRODUCTION