Oral Pathology

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• Oral Pathology

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Introduction

• Antigenic
• Capable of causing antibody production
• Palpate
• Feel with fingers

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Introduction

• Biopsy
• Surgical removal of tissue
• Etiology
• Cause of the disease

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Inflammation

• Redness
• Heat
• Swelling
• Pain

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Diagnosing Oral Pathology

• Radiographs
• Examination
• Genetic history
• Surgical procedures
• Microscopic examinations (biopsy)
• Lab, differential, and therapeutic diagnoses

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Oral Lesions

• Four classifications
• Above surface of oral mucosa
• Below surface of oral mucosa
• Even or flat with surface of oral mucosa
• Flat or above surface of oral mucosa

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Lesions Above the Surface

• Blister
• Bulla
• Hematoma
• Papule

• Plaque
• Pustule
• Vesicles

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Lesions Below the Surface

• Abscess
• Cyst
• Erosion
• Ulcer

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Lesions Even or Flat with the Surface

• Ecchymosis
• Macule
• Patch
• Petechiae
• Purpura

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Lesions Flat with or Above the Surface

• Granuloma
• Neoplasm
• Nodule

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Biological Agents

• Actinomycosis
• Infection caused by bacterium
• Painful swelling, pus, and discharge
• Poor oral hygiene

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Biological Agents

• Herpes Simplex
• Cold sores
• Genital herpes
• Herpetic whitlow

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Biological Agents

• Aphthous ulcers
• Canker sores
• Herpes Zoster
• Syphilis
• Three stages
• Thrush

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Physical Agents

• Denture irritation causing hyperplasia
• Amalgam tattoo
• Radiation overdose
• Under-developed teeth
• Pigmented tissue
• Spider-like vessels
• Oral piercing and tongue splitting

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Chemical Agents

• Aspirin burns
• Nicotine stomatitis
• Hyperkeratinized tissue
• Appears as wrinkled, white, thickened tissue
• Hairy tongue
• Gingival hyperplasia
• Meth Mouth

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Hormonal Disturbances

• Pregnancy Gingivitis
• Inflamed gum tissues
• Pyogenic Granuloma
• Pregnancy tumor
• Found in others as well
• Puberty Gingival Enlargement
• Inflamed gum tissues

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Tooth Development Disturbances

• Amelogenesis Imperfecta
• Discolored enamel, thin or partially missing
• Ankylosis
• Tooth, cementum, dentin fuses with bone

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Tooth Development Disturbances

• Anodontia
• Congenitally missing teeth
• Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
• Opalescent enamel and chips away

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Tooth Development Disturbances

• Fusion
• Teeth joined together
• Gemination
• Tooth bud attempts to divide

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Tooth Development Disturbances

• Macrodontia
• Abnormally large teeth
• Microdontia
• Abnormally small teeth

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Tooth Development Disturbances

• Neonatal Teeth
• Present at time of birth
• Supernumerary Teeth
• Extra teeth
• Twinning
• Two separate teeth from one bud

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Developmental Disturbances

• Oral Tori
• Boney outgrowths of tissue
• 20 percent of population
• Exostoses
• Enlargement or nodular outgrowth

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Developmental Disturbances

• Fordyce spots
• Granules in the oral cavity
• 80 percent of population

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Developmental Disturbances

• Fissured tongue
• Bifid tongue
• Extra tag of muscle
• Ankyloglossia, or tongue-tied

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Nutritional Disturbances

• Angular Cheilitis
• Deficiency of vitamin B
• Lesions in the corners of mouth
• Glossitis
• Deficiency of vitamin B
• Inflammation of the tongue

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Neoplasms

• Neoplasms is the medical term for tumor
• Benign tumors
• Malignant tumors
• Great potential to become malignant
• Inform dentist
• Without alarming patient

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Oral Cancer Warning Signs

• Sores
• Lumps and swelling
• White or rough lesions
• Dryness in the mouth

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Oral Cancer Warning Signs

• Numbness
• Burning sensation
• Difficulty speaking, chewing, swallowing
• Repeated bleeding in the same area

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Types of Neoplasms

• Leukoplakia
• White, leathery patch that cannot be identified
  as any other white lesion
• Biopsy required for further identification

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Types of Neoplasms

• Lichen Planus
• Initially appear on lower leg or ankle
• Oral lesions begin as small, white papules that
  group and form interlacing white lines known as
  Wickhams striae.

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Types of Neoplasms

• Erythroplakia
• Red patch of tissue, very dangerous
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Cancer of the squamous epithelium
• Benign form called Papilloma

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Types of Neoplasms

• Basal Cell Carcinoma
• Most common form of skin cancer
• Papilloma
• Benign lesion of the squamous epithelium
• Fibroma
• Benign tumor of connective tissue cells

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Oral Lesions Related to AIDS and HIV

• Hairy leukoplakia
• Raised, white-patch lesion
• Candida Albicans
• Fungal Infection
• Kaposis Sarcoma
• Vascular tumor
• Blue-purple lesions

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Miscellaneous Disorders

• Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
• Tissues bleed, are infected, painful, foul odor
• Mucocele
• Trauma occurs to a minor salivary gland

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Miscellaneous Disorders

• Varix
• Weakened blood vessels
• Geographical Tongue
• Inflammatory patches on the tongue
• Resembles a map of the world

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Miscellaneous Disorders

• Anorexia/Bulimia
• Decalcified teeth
• Eroded enamel
• Deterioration of existing restorations
• Rampant caries
• Enlargement of parotid glands
• Bells Palsy
• Temporary paralysis on one side of the face