Chapter 56 Expansion Cards, and PSUs, and Safety, Oh my

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Chapter 5/6 Expansion Cards, and PSUs, and
Safety, Oh my!
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Review
Could you repeat what you said?
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Box dimensions

• Enclosure Styles
• Full/mid/mini tower, desktop
• Form Factors
• AT, Baby-AT
• LPX, NLX (for P6 AGP, DIMM)
• ATX

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Plug it in - Review

• 9/25 pin male/female?
• 6/5 pin circular plug?
• 4/2 twisted pairs?
• Coaxial?
• old RCA plug?
• Non-legacy expansion bus?

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Connectors

• DB pins 9/25/37 male/female
• DIN pins 6/5 regular, mini a European
  standard
• RJ 45/11(telco)/14(telco)4 twisted pair 2
  twisted pair 2 twisted pair
• BNC British Naval Connector
• Audio old RCA plug
• USB tiered-star, multidrop 12Mbps topology
• Firewire (IEEE 1394) peer-to-peer subsystem

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Chipsets

• 82350 80386/486 (AT f-factor)
• 420xx 80486
• 430xx P5
• 440xx P6 (P Pro, P2, P3)
• 450xx P6 servers
• 8xx P6 (P2, P3, P4)
• BIOS on ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM

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x86 Processors

• Physical characteristics
• Pentium 5th Generation x86 using MMX
• 66 200 MHz, 64-bit ext/32-bit address
• Pentium 6th Generation x86 using SIMD
• 233-300 MHz, 64-bit ext/32(36)-bit address
• Pentium 7th Generation x86 using SSE
• 450-1000 MHz, 64-bit ext/32(36)-bit address
• Superscalar Technology
• dual/quad pipelines, superpiplining, speculative
  execution and branch prediction, register
  renaming, Dual Independent Bus architecture
  (FSB/BSB)

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Spheres of Control
Operating System Software
Logical
CMOS ESCD BIOS
Physical/Hardware
Firmware
Physical
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A summary model
Applications Software
Operating system Software
BIOS/CMOS Firmware
Physical Hardware backplane with power,
chipset, and busses
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Expanding Functions

• Legacy vs. Non-legacy architecture
• Form factor and associated chipsets
• ISA vs. PCI, USB, IEEE 1394
• Configuration Management manual/jumper -
  jumpers PnP BIOS autodetection
• Progressive movement toward software control,
  self-configuration, and remote monitoring

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Expansion Bus Development

• ISA 8/16 bit at 8-10 MHz
• one adapter controls bus at a time
• Control involves IRQ, DMA, I/O
• EISA 32-bit at 10-12 MHz, backward
  compatibility using SCI file
• Response to proprietary IBM - MCA card
• VL-Bus 32-bit at 33 MHz,parasitic ISA slot,
  software configurable80486 architecture-specific
• PCI 32/64-bit at 33/66 MHz, not compatible

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Save Energy Take the Bus
Functional paths

• Power/Cooling
• Address/Data
• Control

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Common PSU features

• Power Connection (IEC-320)
• Power Switch (AT) / Fan
• Motherboard Connector (P8/P9, ATX P1)
• General use power connectors
• (Molex, Berg)
• ATX Constant 5v Soft Power, ACPI

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Power Bus

• PC or peripheral is dead no power indicator
• Short, lead pull-through, trace breaks/ board
  cracks
• AC source/ground fault circuit interrupt
• PC or peripheral operates intermittently

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Outlet Voltages
115v
0 v
115v
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Physical Devices

• Surge Suppressor (UL 1449, 497A)
• Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
• Inline UPS no switching
• Standby (SPS) switching when line drops
• Ferroresonant Regulator delivers power during
  switchover
• Clamping voltage - let-through under 330v (less
  is better) protection measured in joules which
  are voltage-amps over 1 second (more is better).
  Let-through for a data line under 260v.

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Standby and Inline UPS
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Electricity - Terms

• Current Amperes (A) electron flow
• Voltage Volts (V) push or pressure
• Resistance Ohms (?) opposition to flow
• Continuity integrity of conductor
• Power Watt (W) energy per second
• Conductor (0 ?) / Insulator (infinite ?)
• Alternating Current / Direct Current Hertz (Hz)
• Leads Hot, Neutral, Ground

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Ohms Law
V I x R
12 volts 2 amps x 6 Ohms
Potential diff current x resistance
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Natures Law

• 1 ma Tingle
• 5 ma Ouuch!
• 8 ma REAL PAIN!!!!
• 20-30 ma Let Go threshold
• 1 amp Ventricular Fibrillation (NOT GOOD!!!!)
• Skin 10K 1 million ohms
• Subdermal 50 2K ohms

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ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD)

• Upset Failures
• Latent catastrophic failure
• Direct catastrophic failure
• Ground Fault Circuit Interrupt
• Wrist strap
• Ground strap

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Environmental

• Material safety data sheet (MSDS)
• Physical data
• Toxicity
• Health Effects
• First Aid
• Reactivity
• Storage
• Safe-handling and use precautions

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Fire Extinguishers
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To be Continued