INTERFACE DESIGN DMS 546446

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INTERFACE DESIGNDMS 546/446

• DESIGNING INTERFACES
• - JENIFER TIDWELL
• CHAPTER 1

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• A MEANS TO AN END
• WHAT ARE THEY REALLY AFTER?
• USERS AND CLIENTS TYPICALLY SPEAK TO YOU IN TERMS
  OF DESIRED FEATURES AND SOLUTIONS NOT IN TERMS OF
  NEEDS AND PROBLEMS
• KEEP ASKING THEM WHY TO UNCOVER THE NEEDS AND
  PROBLEMS
• ASK EVEN WHEN THE HAVE CLEAR DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

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• THE BASICS OF USER RESEARCH
• DIRECT OBSERVATION
• CASE STUDIES
• SURVEYS
• PERSONAS

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• USERS' MOTIVATION TO LEARN
• HOW MUCH EFFORT ARE YOUR USERS WILLING TO SPEND
  TO LEARN THE INTERFACE?

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• USERS' MOTIVATION TO LEARN
• SOME INTERFACES ARE DESIGNED FOR INTERMEDIATE TO
  EXPERT USERS
• PHOTOSHOP
• DREAMWEAVER
• SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION TOOLS

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• USERS' MOTIVATION TO LEARN
• SOME INTERFACES ARE DESIGNED FOR OCCASIONAL (OR
  ONCE-ONLY) USERS
• KIOSK AT MUSEUM
• KIOSK FOR FLIGHT CHECK-IN
• WINDOWS OR MAC OS CONTROLS FOR SETTING DESKTOP
  BACKGROUNDS
• INSTALLATION WIZARDS
• AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES
• PURCHASE PAGES FOR ONLINE STORES

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• USERS' MOTIVATION TO LEARN
• Q WHAT ARE THE TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN DESIGNING FOR
  OCCASIONAL/NOVICE USER AND INTERMEDIATE/EXPERT
  USERS?

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• USERS' MOTIVATION TO LEARN
• MANY APPLICATIONS FALL SOMEWHERE BETWEEN
• MICROSOFT OFFICE
• EMAIL CLIENTS
• WEB BROWSERS

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(No Transcript)
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THE PATTERNS

• SAFE EXPLORATION
• INSTANT GRATIFICATION
• SATISFICING
• CHANGES IN MIDSTREAM
• DEFERRED CHOICES
• INCREMENTAL CONSTRUCTION
• HABITUATION
• SPATIAL MEMORY
• PROSPECTIVE MEMORY
• STREAMLINED REPETITION
• KEYBOARD ONLY
• OTHER PEOPLE'S ADVICE

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WATCHING FOR USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS

• SAFE EXPLORATION
• INSTANT GRATIFICATION
• SATISFICING
• CHANGES IN MIDSTREAM
• DEFERRED CHOICES
• INCREMENTAL CONSTRUCTION
• HABITUATION
• SPATIAL MEMORY
• PROSPECTIVE MEMORY
• STREAMLINED REPETITION
• KEYBOARD ONLY
• OTHER PEOPLE'S ADVICE

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTElRNS...

• SAFE EXPLORATION
• Good software allows people to try something
  unfamiliar, back out, and try something else, all
  without stress.

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTElRNS...

• SAFE EXPLORATION
• Good software allows people to try something
  unfamiliar, back out, and try something else, all
  without stress.
• not get lost
• be able to undo changes
• understand consequence such as extra fees

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• INSTANT GRATIFICATION
• People like to see immediate results.

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• INSTANT GRATIFICATION
• People like to see immediate results.
• if you can predict what they will likely want to
  do, make that task very easy ie give them a blank
  canvas and palette
• don't start them out with registration pages,
  long sets of instructions, etc

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• SATISFICING
• (SATISFYING SUFFICING)?
• PEOPLE ARE WILLING TO ACCEPT GOOD ENOUGH RATHER
  THAN BEST IF LEARNING ALL THE ALTERNATIVES
  MIGHT COST TIME OR EFFORT.

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• SATISFICING
• (SATISFYING SUFFICING)?
• PEOPLE ARE WILLING TO ACCEPT GOOD ENOUGH RATHER
  THAN BEST IF LEARNING ALL THE ALTERNATIVES
  MIGHT COST TIME OR EFFORT.
• MAKE LABELS/MENUS/BUTTONS SHORT, PALINLY WRDED
  QUICK TO READ
• USE LAYOUT TO COMMUNCIATE MEANING (COLOR AND
  SHAPE)?
• BE ABLE TO RETURN IF A WRONG CHOICE IS MADE (SAFE
  EXPLORATION)?

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• CHANGES IN MIDSTREAM
• USERS WILL WANT TO CHANGE WHAT THEY'RE DOING OR
  STOP AND RESUME LATER

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• CHANGES IN MIDSTREAM
• USERS WILL WANT TO CHANGE WHAT THEY'RE DOING OR
  STOP AND RESUME LATER
• GIVE THEM NAVIGATION OPTIONS (EXCEPT WHEN THERE'S
  A REASON NOT TO IE TASK WIZARD)?
• ALLOW THEM TO PUT ASIDE ONE TASK AND WORK ON
  ANOTHER (IE MULTIPLE OPEN PROJECTS)?
• ALLOW THEM TO STOP A PROCESS AND RETURN TO IT

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• DEFERRED CHOICES
• LET USER GET STARTED WITH A BARE MINIMUM OF
  SET-UP (THEY CAN RETURN TO THE SET-UP LATER IF
  NECESSARY)?

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• DEFERRED CHOICES
• LET USER GET STARTED WITH A BARE MINIMUM OF
  SET-UP (THEY CAN RETURN TO THE SET-UP LATER IF
  NECESSARY)?
• SHOULD BE ABLE TO CREATE A BARE-BONES PROFILE,
  ADD IMAGES, ETC LATER
• SHOULD BE ABLE TO OPEN A PROJECT WITHOUT KNOWING
  WHAT THE FINAL FORM OF IT WILL BE (IN MUSIC, FOR
  EXAMPLE, TEMPO, KEY ETC)?

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• INCREMENTAL CONSTRUCTION
• PEOPLE WANT TO EVALUATE THEIR PROJECT AS THEY
  WORK ON IT THEY WANT LITTLE OR NO TIME BETWEEN
  MAKING CHANGES AND SEEING THE RESULTS

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• INCREMENTAL CONSTRUCTION
• PEOPLE WANT TO EVALUATE THEIR PROJECT AS THEY
  WORK ON IT THEY WANT LITTLE OR NO DELAY BETWEEN
  MAKING CHANGES AND SEEING THE RESULTS
• RENDERING IN FINAL CUT PRO AND APPLYING AUDIO
  FILTERS IN AUDACITY ARE EXAMPLES OF SITUATIONS
  WHERE INCREMENTAL CONSTRUCTION IS IMPEDED

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• INCREMENTAL CONSTRUCTION
• PEOPLE WANT TO EVALUATE THEIR PROJECT AS THEY
  WORK ON IT THEY WANT LITTLE OR NO DELAY BETWEEN
  MAKING CHANGES AND SEEING THE RESULTS
• MAINTAIN USER'S FLOW
• MAKE IT EASY TO BUILD SMALL PIECES ONE AT AT TIME
• DYNAMIC FEEDBACK SHOW WHAT THE WHOLE THING
  LOOKS LIKE WHILE THE USER WORKS
• LITTLE OR NO DELAY BETWEEN MAKING CHANGES AND
  SEEING THE RESULTS

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• HABITUATION
• USER DEVELOPS EFFICIENT HABITS

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• HABITUATION
• USER DEVELOPS EFFICIENT HABITS
• CONSISTENCY WITHIN APPLICATION AND CONSISTENCY
  ACROSS APPLICATIONS
• DO NOT CHANGE THE FUNCTIONS OF KEYSTROKES OR
  GESTURES IN DIFFERENT MODES
• TOO MANY CONFIRMATION BOXES CAN PUT USER IN THE
  HABIT OF ALWAYS HITTING OK

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• SPATIAL MEMORY
• USERS LEARN AN INTERFACE BY REMEMBERING WHERE ON
  THE SCREEN A BUTTON OR FILE IS

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• SPATIAL MEMORY
• USERS LEARN AN INTERFACE BY REMEMBERING WHERE ON
  THE SCREEN A BUTTON OR FILE IS
• LET PEOPLE MAKE THEIR OWN PLACEMENTS (ICONS ON
  DESKTOP)?
• PUT DIALOG BUTTONS IN PREDICATBALE PLACES
• CONSISTENCY WITHIN AND ACROSS APPLICATIONS
• THE TOPS AND BOTTOMS OF MENUS ARE MORE NOTICED
  AND REMEMBERED

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• PROSPECTIVE MEMORY
• PEOPLE LIKE TO BE ABLE TO LEAVE REMINDERS TO
  THEMSELVES

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• PROSPECTIVE MEMORY
• PEOPLE LIKE TO BE ABLE TO LEAVE REMINDERS TO
  THEMSELVES
• ALLOW FLEXIBILITY IN NAMING, FOLDERS, ETC
• DON'T HAVE SYSTEM ORGANIZE OR DELETE FILES
  WITHOUT ASKING THE USER

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• STREAMLINED REPETITION
• USERS OFTEN NEED TO REPEAT THE SAME TASKS MAKE
  IT POSSIBLE FOR THEM TO DO SO WITH JUST A FEW
  CLICKS OF COMMANDS

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• STREAMLINED REPETITION
• USERS OFTEN NEED TO REPEAT THE SAME TASKS MAKE
  IT POSSIBLE FOR THEM TO DO SO WITH JUST A FEW
  CLICKS OF COMMANDS
• SEARCH REPLACE
• COPY PASTE
• MACROS - PHOTOSHOP ACTIONS (LET'S YOU RECORD A
  SEQUENCE AND APPLY IT AGAIN AND AGAIN)?
• DIRECT OBSERVATION OF USERS WILL TELL YOU WHAT
  TASKS THEY ARE REPEATING OFTEN

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• KEYBOARD ONLY
• USERS MAY BE MORE EFFICIENT USING THE KEYBOARD
  ONLY OR HAVE DISABILITIES THAT MAKE USING THE
  MOUSE DIFFICULT OR IMPOSSIBLE

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• KEYBOARD ONLY
• USERS MAY BE MORE EFFICIENT USING THE KEYBOARD
  ONLY OR HAVE DISABILITIES THAT MAKE USING THE
  MOUSE DIFFICULT OR IMPOSSIBLE
• DEFINE KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS CTRL-S, ETC.
• SELECTION FROM LISTS USING ARROW KEYS AND
  MODIFIERS
• ENABLING TAB TRAVERSAL
• DEFAULT BUTTON - SUBMIT OR DONE TRIGGERED BY
  THE RETURN KEY
• THESE SHOULD BE DEFINED TO FOLLOW THE CONVENTIONS
  OF THE PLATFORM

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• OTHER PEOPLE'S ADVICE
• INTEGRATE OTHER PEOPLE'S EXPERIENCES/ADVICE INTO
  THE INTERFACE

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USER BEHAVIOR PATTERNS...

• OTHER PEOPLE'S ADVICE
• INTEGRATE OTHER PEOPLE'S EXPERIENCES/ADVICE INTO
  THE INTERFACE
• BULLETIN BOARD
• ONLINE USER FORUM
• USER'S SHARE TIPS AND TECHNIQUES
• USER'S SHARE TEMPLATES OR CODE
• CUSTOMERS WHO BOUGHT THIS BOOK ALSO BOUGHT...
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